Report on the Case Study Tata Steel’s Ehtics Essay

Executive Summary The gender balance group was given a case study into Tata’s contribution to ethical business practices and sustainability to investigate into. The ten (10) member group shared the research questions amongst themselves for effective and efficient exercise. The group researched into the general view of ethical business practices as behavioral moral values and principles that determine our conducts in the business world. It went deeper to expanciate that, this ethics is applied in various aspect of the business’ â€Å"life†. These include: production process, employees, customers, shareholders, the government and business competitors. The enforcement of this practice goes beyond the provision of code of corporate ethics. Considering both the public and business perspective of sustainability which goes beyond corporate responsibility to the environmental impact of a business’ operations, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides an accurate tool for analyses than carbon footprint of the user phase. This actually takes the true environmental impact of the product from the ‘cradle to the grave’ into consideration. Though this process may be quiet cumbersome, both the business and the environment enjoy a great deal of benefits. Tata contribution towards ethical and sustainable practices is evident in all its activities. It has been able use LCA to produce light metals for the production of cars thereby reducing the amount of CO2 emission. Introduction Steel is a product that is widely used in almost every area of our modern life. It plays a key role in the world’s infrastructure. Tata Steel first established in India is the second largest steel manufacturing industry in the Europe. Its steel products are widely used in the construction industry, aerospace, rail, packaging etc. Tata Steel’s case study into its ethical and sustainability practice was to be addressed by our group – GROUP 27. The group began a series of meetings immediately after its formation. In other to ensure efficient and timely exercise, different tasks were assigned to members and the group leader was unanimously nominated. The questions involved were segmented and given to each member to research on. Data was then collated from various sources and sent the central pull for the preparation of slides and for subsequent presentation on the stipulated date. This report seeks to establish the sources of information for Tata’s ethical and sustainability practices. Key theoretical issues concerning ethical and how a business could use sustainability practice to compete was also given attention to. Since the research was conducted by a group, individuals’ contribution was assessed towards the works completion. Further, my personal observation in relation to the assignment and the knowledge gained were brought to bear. Conclusion from the study was then drawn to evaluate the success or otherwise of the whole exercise. Sources of Information The information gathered was from two main sources – books and the internet. Much information was gathered from Tata’s website which gave me much insight into the research. This actually provided me with Tata’s history, competitors, huge Corporate Social Responsibilities, business ethics and core values among others. Other websites gave me the information about a holistic view of business ethics and Life Cycle Assessment as well. In addition a couple of reading materials including books and journals augmented to the profound knowledge of the general view of ethical behavior and sustainability. Individual Contribution The research questions ware sub- divided into smaller fragments and each member was assigned a question to research on. Personally I contributed to answering the question of ethical business practices. George Chryssides and John Kaler gave their view as to why businesses should adopt ethical business practices. Materials obtained from the internet suggested that business ethics is applied in all areas of the business including production processes, human resource, shareholders, the community, the government and customers alike. I went further to elaborate on some unethical business practices and what organisations can to do for its enforcement. This gave us much insight to ethical business practices. The outcome was warmly received by members and they profoundly understood the concept and how it was even related to Tata Steel. I was nominated to lead the presentation and the design of the sequence of actions that was to be followed during the presentation was part of my responsibility. On my part, I was to explain what business ethics was, what unethical business practice was and how it could be enforced in an organisation. Theoretical Issues The main objective of the research was to understand business ethical practices, how sustainability could help a business to compete and how Tata Steel had contributed towards such acts. While the objective of any business is to make profits, it should contribute towards the interest of the society by ensuring fair practices. This in effect improve cooperate social responsibility, increase consumer confidence and protect brand values in other to gain competitive advantage. Theoretically, issues concerning ethical business practice and sustainability with particular attention to LCA were of great concern to the research. Ethical business practices are standard behavior of moral values and principles that determine business’ conduct in the business world. Ethical practice takes care of the investor. It is to ensure that the dividends payable to the investor is in safe hands and in good time. Production methods should be environmentally sustainable and everybody involved either directly or indirectly is unduly harmed. Also, it takes into account the health and safety as well as the value of the human capital. Sustainability practice of an organization focuses on the balance between the maximizing shareholders value, honouring the environmental and social responsibilities. For Tata Steel, its sustainability naturally follows its core value of ethics. In all this areas of the challenge, the environmental responsibility happens to be of great concern due to its relationship with the Carbon Footprint. However, findings revealed that LCA provides a more powerful tool to tackling CO2 emission including all phases from production to disposal of material. Even though a holistic LCA is data intensive and time consuming procedure, it enormous benefit ranges from a safer environmental impact, the financial benefit through the knowledge of the resale value at each stage of products life and helps business to gain completive advantage. Research Conclusion From Tata’s case study it was agreed that whereas some businesses do not take ethical issues seriously, Tata steel could be one of the best companies who efficiently and effectively practice business ethics and sustainability. A critical evaluation revealed that the company’s ethical business practice and sustainability is far big thing to write home about. This can be seen in the company’s integrity, understanding of its stakeholders, excellence in business operations, force of unity among employees and corporate responsibility delivered to the society. Personal Observation After researching into the ethical business practices and sustainability using the case study of Tata Steel, some observations were made in relation to the group assignment. Ethical business practices and sustainability has a wider view than I anticipated and has rather broad importance to the business and the society at large. Considering ethical business practices, it was observed that the business has a rather big responsibility to all its stakeholders. It was astonishing to notice that this responsibility is discharged to all those who are directly or indirectly affected by the business. It is somewhat a herculean task for businesses to take care of all its stake holders while maximising shareholders value. However the business enjoys enormous benefits in return of their good deeds. In the light of sustainability, the broader spectrum of LCA was noticed. Though LCA suffers some amount of criticism, a greater number of businesses find it very useful for itself and the environment as well. From Tata’s case study, it became evident that much importance is attached to the whole life cycle than just carbon footprint On a whole, ethical behavior and sustainability in Business operations promote trust and confidence to the consumers and the society in which it operates. These go to promote a good business environment for growth and development opportunities for the company. Knowledge Gained The assignments brought a number of issues to my knowledge. These came from practical activities we undertook and the academic research we embarked on. Practically the effectiveness of division of labour was the first practical knowledge I uncounted. When members were assigned specific task for the presentation, it was surprising to notice that each and every one did what is expected of them making it easier for our preparation. As a team leader, I realised it was always helpful to be a good listener to acknowledge the views of others before making necessary suggestions. This was very crucial since the group encompasses members from different nationals and cultural backgrounds. In the academic wise, the research made me realise that ethical business practice and sustainability go a long way to benefit all the stakeholders involved. In most businesses, the sustainability practice naturally follows its ethical practices. My attention has totally shifted from carbon footprint to the direction of Life Cycle Assessment due to its immense benefits. This powerful tool (where a products environmental impact is assessed considering all the stages of a products life from cradle- to- grave) when implemented by all businesses could contribute immensely to win the war against the climatic change. Impact of Individual Contribution Every member contributed positively to the success of the work. As a group leader, I managed to successfully chair all meetings and made sure specific tasks were timely met. I was to address the issue of ethical business practices. Since I played the leading role in the presentation, the team’s expectation for a good start was met and that encourage the rest of the presentation team to follow suite. The data collection manager successfully gathered all data for the slide preparation. During the presentation, the following action points emanated from my individual contribution: 1. Definition of ethical business practices 2. Areas of ethical business practices 3. Examples of unethical business practices 4. Enforcement of ethical practices Remarks Though the exercise could not be said to enjoy 100% success, one cannot say that it was a failure. The exercise was a bit challenging to the group. Deciding on the times and venue for the various meetings for instance was not easy to be agreed upon. For most instances meetings were held 45mins later than the agreed time. This however did not demoralised us from pursuing our course and we were able to complete the task on time. The effectiveness of our communication tool kept us on our toes and ‘data collection gateway’ was a good thing to wright home about. Text messages, emails and phone calls were put to effective use. Furthermore, every member of the group had an in-depth knowledge of ethical practice and sustainability from the various discussions held. We have learnt how to work together as a team and most importantly how to tolerate others. I personally have profound knowledge of Tata Steel Group’s, ethical practices, sustainability and it’s cooperate social responsibilities. References Chryssides, G.D and Kaler, J.H, Introduction to Business Ethics, Chapman and Hall, London, 1993. Fisher C., Lovel A. (2009). Business Ethics and Values. 3rd ed. England. Pearson Education Limited. 9-17, 338-359 Shaw W.H. Berry V. (2010). Moral Issues in Business11th ed. USA. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 370-380 http://www.stonecourses.net/environment/benelca.html http://tatasteelindia.com/corporate/ethics/business-ethics.asp http://www.tata.com/article.aspx?artid=XL+n3uN42cQ= .

Personal Statements Essay

Thinking about humanity nowadays and people’s preoccupations made me realize the huge impact that crimes and criminal justice have on their decisions and the way they receive and react at the details and information about a crime. Television news, newspapers and magazines, they all speak about crimes, unsolved criminal problems or strange disappearances. The world’s evolution, its issues have pushed societies nowadays to extreme gestures to escape from poverty problems. Why do people commit crimes? How much crime is there committed around us? Which would be the profile of a criminal and which would be his or her characteristics? Moreover, how could these crimes is stopped? I have been attracted to criminology since the early age of just 12. I was watching Discovery channel series like â€Å"Deadly women†, â€Å"Life of a crime†, â€Å"Most evil† and I was fascinated by the way those people were investigating and solving those crimes helped by only some fragile and minor details. As time passed by, I realized that this was my hobby and so I started thinking how I could develop my skills for a career in criminology. I thought that if I entered an exact sciences high school profile, I would constantly keep my mind focused, as subjects like mathematics or informatics enlarge your vision. As criminology implies psychology, I was and I am still interested in this fascinating subject. I will always be interested in discovering the characteristics of human nature. I had contact for the first time with Psychology in the second year of high school. I also read very interesting books about psychology and criminology such as â€Å"Psychology and Crime Myths and reality†, by Peter Ainsworth, â€Å"Criminology†, by John Conklin, etc, describing its characteristics and feeding my curiosity. I have discovered myself a lot of skills after reading those books and this was an extra reason for me to attend to a Criminology course. Besides criminology, I also like IT (information technology). As technology occupies a significant part of our lives, I thought it would be helpful to certificate my skills: I obtained my OCP certificate for ORACLE sql database course; I attended the ECDL (European Computer Driving Licence) courses from where I got a diploma as a complete operator of the Microsoft Office package. At present, I am attending the ORACLE pl_sql programming course which I am going to finalise in May 2009 and obtain my certificate. Even though I have been focusing on my ambitious plans and my future, I haven’t forgotten the ones that weren’t so lucky when speaking about family’s kindness and warmth. So, I was involved myself in volunteer projects every Christmas and Easter. The volunteer action is called National Strategy â€Å"The Community Action†. In present, I intended a new strategy to help the mentally or physically affected children at the â€Å"Orizont† Center in my town, Constanta. In my opinion, abandoning you own child is a crime and if he or she has a handicap it is ten times worse. As I am a very active person, I also took part to a lot of extracurricular activities, like: general-knowledge quizzes, chemistry contests where I have participated with the project â€Å"Water crystals. Crystal therapy† and gained two prizes, I am part of the high school volleyball team with which I won a lot of regional and national competitions, I had a job as an IT operator for introducing and validating dates within the POL-RENAV company, etc. Considering the fact that criminology is my hobby (terrorism, youth crimes, homicide, violence in crimes), it would be the perfect course for me to study and improve at university. Studying the behavior of criminals or investigating their crimes will always create a challenging future and an interesting one, having always something new to learn. As a personal conviction, criminology is maybe the most complex job that one could want: it involves mental strength, devotion and 100% interest for this field. 2. For a number of years I have had more than a passing interest in Criminology, Psychology and Sociology; in particular Criminal Psychology, Neuropsychology, the nature versus nurture debate and the Criminal Justice System. Additionally, I hold equal interest in the research, both past and present, undertaken to develop theories and concepts in the Social Science fields. I would now like to pursue these interests at a higher academic level with the hope, upon completion of my study, to gain employment whereby I could effectively utilise the skills and knowledge I had obtained, possibly in the research field. The reasons behind my late entry into higher education are primarily due to immaturity and lack of direction. Throughout my teens and early twenties my life was unconventional; this is where I believe my interest in the working of the human mind and sociological influences stem from. I have reflected on the contributing factors that led me to make the choices I made during my adole scent years. For me this raises the question of whether the underlying causes were biological or socially influenced or even a mixture of the two. Over the years I have matured and gained a sense of direction regarding what I would like to do. In 1999, I decided I wanted to contribute to my local community by doing some form of voluntary work, in particular with those who suffer from mental health problems. I became a befriended through Hilling don Mind. A befrienderÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s role is to support a person who is feeling isolated from the community. Every week I would visit my friend and sit and chat and lend an ear, we would also enjoy trips out into the community. I enjoyed my 12 months working as a befriended; I found it a humbling, fulfilling and rewarding experience. Sadly I had to make the difficult decision to leave the Hilling don Mind Befriending Scheme in the later part of 2000 due to unforeseen increased family and work commitments. In early 2006, I made the decision to return to education. As I had not been in full time education for 21 years, I chose to ease myself back into the system by studying a Horticulture course part time over a period of 2 years. I completed this course in July 2008 passing with 6 straight Distinctions at level 2; completing this course was the catalyst to further my education it gave me the confidence required to progress further. In September 2008, I enrolled on an Access to Psychology and Social Studies course and an additional GCSE Moths course at level 2. I am finding my current course both exciting and thought provoking and am enjoying life as a student immensely. My hopes are that on completion of both these courses I will have acquired a solid foundation of Social Sciences and the skills required to study at University. Throughout my life I have experienced a variety of roles within the work force including care work, administrative roles, production line work and voluntary research work for several websites. I have raised my two daughters, 5 & 17, almost single handed for the last 8 years; the eldest of which is in her final year of a levels and is currently in the process of applying to universities. For a number of years I have successfully maintained 2 Allotments, although they require a great deal of physical work I find growing my own produce extremely satisfying. Additionally, I enjoy listening to a variety of music and reading, in particular non-fictional crime. I manage my ongoing commitments to my children, education and allotments extremely well, indicative of conviction, dedication and good time management skills. Law with Criminology Personal Statement Social development within the country is based around the well-structured judicial system; however, this fundamental principle is not true for all countries and therefore permits shocking injustices to be carried out on the most vulnerable members of a society. It is from this that I believe my interest in Law stems. I am a keen, ambitious, diligent student and always strive to reach the best I can in whatever I do. Studying A levels in Business Studies, English Language and Biology gives me broad knowledge of different topics from which I have acquired many valuable skills that I believe can assist my studies in Law. Business Studies has been particularly useful when developing my understanding of the financial world and ever-changing business laws. Applying and examining bureaucracy and red tape to set case studies, has encouraged me to research further into the world of consumer rights and explore what is acceptable and not. I have enjoyed studying Biology and having to work close ly as a team when completing practical experiments with precision. English Language has given me the opportunity to analyse written texts which will be an advantage when studying cases and having to pick out key information. Studying AS Psychology has encouraged me to examine how criminal minds work and whether particular events from earlier years of life can have an effect. Recently, I attended a Foundation Degree Law Course where the idea was to become a â€Å"Lawyer for the week† and develop the learning skills required for University. During the week I had ‘hands on’ experience and undertook many legal practices such as taking witness statements and drafting statements of case. I found the course thoroughly enjoyable, particularly offering legal advice, and it helped me to realise how Law influences everyday decisions and activities. I have contributed too many different aspects of school life ranging from playing in successful musical concerts to becoming a senior student as a Year 8 mentor for which I had to attend two peer mediation courses. From this I learnt how to enhance my listening skills and empathise with those around me, offering reliable advice at the same time. I believe this would assist me when recommending legal advice to clientele. Along with a small group of other students, I am currently helping to set up a Committee to improve Sixth Form Life. Although this is to be carried out alongside my lessons, it helps me to plan my time well who benefits my studies when completing coursework and other various set tasks. The Young Enterprise Scheme, where it was our job to set up a company and assign ourselves roles within it, was a good insight into having to work as a team and understand business laws. I was chosen as the company secretary as I had the organizational skills which were necessary, this meant I had to work closely with the Managing Director to discuss issues and then make sure that every employee understood the tasks set. This developed my interpersonal skills as I had to liaise between staff, students and visitors from external companies. Personal well being is something I value and so participate regularly in exercise, giving me a sense of achievement when I overcome a certain obstacle or beat a personnel target. At school, this reflects my self discipline approach to studying. I have had to institute a system of time management alongside my education as I work part-time twice a week at South Deep Cafe. Working there for three years has, primarily, made me particularly approachable, as I have learnt many valuable customer relation skills, but has also reflected my trustworthiness and commitment especially when training other employees. As an enthusiastic, well-rounded, dedicated student, I feel I have the attributes and genuine passion needed to succeed on a Law Course, and look forward to the many challenges and aspects of life at University. Law and Criminology/Sociology Personal Statement From a young age, I have been fascinated by law and was thrilled at the possibility of studying it at A-Level. In August 2007, I was able to spend two weeks working at Naves Solicitors in Lupton. Most of my time was spent in the Conveyancing department, where Andrew Orriss, a partner in the firm, taught me how to draw up commercial leases and business contracts, and about buying, selling and renting residential properties. I most enjoyed meeting clients and discussing their cases. I found that moving house many times as a child enabled me to be sympathetic and relate to the clients. My time at Neves has made me more intent on pursuing a career in the law, as I liked the work and fitted in well with the staff. I believe my current studies of Law, English Language and History complement each other well and would give me an advantage at university, as they have furthered my strong reading and writing abilities, and taught me to be more logical and investigative. I also took Religious Studies at AS-level as I like learning about other peoples’ beliefs, and it helped me to become more open-minded. I enjoy getting involved with activities in my Sixth Form, such as planning the Summer Ball in Year 12. I was chosen by our Deputy Head Girl to take the minutes for the meetings and email them to the other committee members, and my minutes were commended by my Head of Year. I was also asked to assist with the Sixth Form Induction Evening. My duties involved welcoming prospective students and their parents, handing out prospectuses, and talking to them about my own experiences of Sixth Form. In Year 13, I was chosen as a History subject mentor to help struggling Year 12 students, and I also helped out on a trip to Germany with students in years 7 to 9. Outside of school, my hobbies include photography, bass guitar, and writing. In 2006, I came second in a BBC writing competition for young people in Northamptonshire. Having grown up in France, I am bilingual, and my next challenge is to write a short story in French. I also have a part-time job at McDonald’s, which has taught me about working with others, as well as coping with pressure. One of the crucial parts of my job is ensuring that customers are satisfied, and occasionally dealing with complaints. I believe the people skills I have gained from McDonald’s will help me in other aspects of my life. I regularly attend my local church and Christian youth group. In July 2007, I had the opportunity to go to Kosovo for a fortnight with other members of the youth group. Our aim was to help widows and orphans affected by the Yugoslav Civil War and the ethnic cleansing of Kosovans in 1999. We redecorated homes and schools, ran children’s clubs, distributed aid, and visited a Roma gypsy camp. It was a very profound and moving experience, and one I hope to repeat at some point in the future. This is the reason for my deferred entry to university. I plan to spend a few months fundraising, and then return to Kosovo for the remainder of the year to continue the work we started there. I believe that I am a confident and enthusiastic person who would benefit greatly from studying at university. I am passionate about the law and would like to have a career as a lawyer. I also have a keen sense of justice and an interest in Sociology and Criminology and would consider working with the Prison Service or the CPS. I think that studying Law at university would help me make the best possible use of my analytical and writing skills, and that a career in Law would satisfy my need to help.

Belle Femme vs. Naturalix

CENTRUM Catolica Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru Caso Belle Femme vs. Naturalix 1 Ver. CO Sin duda, la belleza tiene un sitio de enorme importancia en la vida de la mujer. Ello hace que este mundo resulte mas simpatico para todos. Pero esta condicion ha sido muy bien detectada y medida por la esfera de los negocios, los cuales han sabido convertirla en una serie amplia de distintas gamas de productos relacionados con la belleza y el â€Å"glamour†: perfumeria, cremas, jabones y similares. Los Competidores †¢ Belle Femme es una corporacion nacional que viene trabajando el mercado interno desde hace 30 anos, habiendo expandido sus operaciones de mercadeo y produccion hacia algunos paises vecinos y Estados Unidos de N. A. Naturalix, es una firma venezolana fundada en 1994. Se propuso ingresar a los mercados de Florida, el Caribe y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones –CAN, a partir del ano 1998. Establecio su oficina comercial en el Peru en mayo de 1998. Este ano se ha dado pasos firmes y acertados en tal sentido. Naturalix forma parte de una corporacion venezolana que conjunta diversos negocios, algunos de los cuales tienen activas operaciones de mercado internacional. No obstante, esta lejos de lograr el sofisticado manejo de los costos que los procesos del â€Å"supply chain† le permiten a su competidor en el Peru, Belle Femme. La direccion de Naturalix se ha concentrado en la innovacion continua de sus productos, para lo cual celebro una alianza estrategica con una empresa alemana de insumos para la industria de la belleza. Conservando una marca de crema de tratamiento facial, por ejemplo, introduce una formula completamente nueva que partiendo de materias primas naturales, produce efectos embellecedores permanentes muy apreciados. Emplea esta misma politica en toda la gama posible de productos. Esta asignacion de recursos por la cual se favorece ampliamente la innovacion, por encima del control de los costos del comercio internacional y, en general, de los costos de produccion y distribucion, tiene preocupado al Gerente Central de Finanzas. Este, parado junto al gran ventanal de su oficina en Caracas, miraba y remiraba ansiosamente los estados financieros de cada sucursal (incluyendo la del Peru) y el consolidado corporativo. Este incluia los costos de la alianza alemana sobre la cual reposa el avance innovador de los productos. ?Si me hicieran caso con esto de los altos costos de tanta innecesaria innovacion! En el piso de abajo, el Gerente General tecleaba en su PC el informe trimestral al Directorio. Las ultimas lineas que llevaba escritas decian: â€Å"†¦de manera que la expansion de nuestro mercado hacia el exterior, en particular el CAN y Brasil, nos permitiran diluir costos gracias al incremento constante y sustancial de la produccion y de las ventas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Competencia en el CAN El Directorio de Belle Femme, acaba de terminar una reunion candente celebrada en el hotel Inter Continental de Quito. Las ventas de cremas faciales y de los tratamientos para la piel, estan viniendose abajo rapidamente, al igual que la linea cara de lapiz de labios. Y esto sucede en Colombia, Ecuador y Peru, en donde se observa la presencia de una pequena empresa, nueva por completo y de la cual no habian oido hablar. En el Directorio se escucho, por ejemplo: †¢ El Sistema de Venta Ambas firmas practican el sistema de ventas denominado â€Å"venta directa† (direct marketing), por el cual un Gerente de Mercadeo entrena a un grupo amplio de supervisoras y estas a representantes o promotoras, siendo estas ultimas las encargadas de vender mediante visitas a los hogares u organizando reuniones. Tanto las supervisoras como las promotoras no estan incluidas en las planillas de remuneraciones. La venta consiste en tomar los pedidos de la clientela e informar a la empresa para que esta proceda a la distribucion, realizada la cual, las promotoras hacen la cobranza, descuentan su comision y pagan a la empresa. Este sistema fue establecido por Avon Products Inc. , en los EE. UU. de A. , a inicios del siglo XX, y sigue operando. Estrategias Diferentes Belle Femme tiene ganada una experiencia internacional de primer orden. Una vez consolidadas sus operaciones internacionales, la direccion de la empresa se ha concentrado en lograr la maxima eficiencia operativa, lo cual incluye venir desarrollando las bases del sistema denominado â€Å"supply chain†, por el cual se programa y controla el abastecimiento de los distintos mercados desde las plantas de produccion mas convenientes, cuidandose la minimizacion del costo junto con el abastecimiento a tiempo de los pedidos. 1 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ No es un problema de precio; se han atrevido a igualar el nuestro. Sospechamos que nuestras promotoras estan vendiendo tambien productos similares de Natura †¦? ue?. Ah! , si, Naturalix. Estoy seguro de que nuestros costos son sustancialmente mas bajos que los de ellos; eso me deja tranquilo. †¦ 1) ? Que competencias directrices â€Å"core† han estado debiles y cuales fuertes, en el Presidente de Belle Femme y en el Gerente General de Naturalix, de acuerdo con lo que nos permite inferi r la informacion del caso? 2) ? Que decisiones adoptar para, de cara al corto y mediano plazos, fortalecer las competencias directrices â€Å"core† de los directivos de Belle Femme, de manera que se reduzca el riesgo de nuevos ataques de la competencia faltos de respuesta oportuna? Propuestas concretas y definidamente exitosas). El Presidente habia cerrado la sesion de Directorio dictaminando: â€Å"Los Gerentes Generales y Comerciales de los paises del CAN tendran una reunion conmigo de aqui a un mes. Nuestras utilidades se comienzan a derrumbar ante un competidor pequeno, al cual conocemos muy poco y al cual hay que enfrentar con soluciones eficaces, para revertir la perdida de mercados a la mayor brevedad. Mi promesa a los accionistas de Belle Femme†¦Ã¢â‚¬  INTERROGANTES DEL CASO 2

Marketing management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Strategic planning at Canon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic planning at Canon - Essay Example Canon is a firm that is already well established in the global market. The success of the firm can be considered as the result of a well structured strategic planning process where the needs of the firm’s departments are aligned and are appropriately served through flexible strategic measures. At the time when the firm established – in 1957 – the use of strategic planning for the promotion of a firm’s interests was limited. Through the years, the firm managed to improve its strategic plans responding to the customer demands but also to the global competition – which has been increased at quite high levels the last decade. The firm has chosen to apply three different – in terms of their duration - strategic plans. In the short term, the improvement of the firm’s finances has been set as a priority – the pressure of the global competition is clear. In the medium term, however, the firm chooses to focus on its goals and its resources (both capital and human resources). In the long term, the criteria for the development of the firm’s strategic choices are going to be reviewed; the improvement of the firm’s position in the global market (1st position in the specific industrial sectors worldwide) would be then an achievable target. The success of the strategic planning process used by the firm can be proved primarily by its performance. In accordance with the figures related with the firm’s activities – as included in its financial statements – the sales of Canon have been increased to 3,468 billion (2004) from 4.2 billion in the first year that the firm entered the particular industry (in 1950). The particular elements of the firm’s strategic planning process can be identified in Figure 5 (Appendix). The range of the firm’s products is significant including computer, optical products, photocopiers and cameras. The significant advantage of the firm towards its competitors can be identified to its

Hardware Security Module - Optimization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Hardware Security Module - Optimization - Essay Example In this study, an HSM optimization solution will then be proposed to fill the gaps identified. This document mainly aims to perform tests and obtain numeric figures that can be trusted in finding optimal points for the application of this solution in HSM devices of similar nature. 4.1.General specification and capabilities A hardware security module (HSM) can be described as a crypto processor that is dedicated and it is specifically designed to be used for the protection of the crypto key lifecycle. Hardware security modules therefore act as trusted anchors that protect the infrastructure designed from cryptography and some of the organizations that are security conscious in the world. This is achieved by managing, processing, an storing cryptographic keys securely inside a hardened and tamper resistant device. [16] 15 5.1.Signature Service â€Å"The Spanish e-Identification board is currently working to upgrade the infrastructure for electronic identification in (Country Name), based on federated techniques using the SAML standard. This infrastructure contains two important functions are to allow citizens to authenticate themselves securely and to electronically sign documents that represent transactions, agreements, applications and declarations of various forms and types. The signing service does not keep track of users and user keys, but simply generates a new signing key and signature certificate for each signature. This is a procedure that provides a number of important advantages such as: 1)It reduces the amount of user sensitive information that needs to be stored in the server and hence, limits the amount of user sensitive information that can be stolen and abused.2) It provides proof of signing time as the certificate is generated at singing time.3)The signature is always associated wit h a certificate that has sufficient remaining validity time for the intended use of the signed

2-1-5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2-1-5 - Essay Example led â€Å"structural adjustment problems that were exacerbated due to the lack of proper procedures by which the banks could carry out business in their respective areas of operation. Hence, the Lithuanian banking system can be characterized to be in a flux or in movement from a state owned one to a modern banking system. B) The Lithuanian banking system has been included in the common European currency area because of some of the factors discussed above. It has been included in the common European area due to the fact that its banking system has made the transition to the practices of the Euro region. On the other hand, the banking system in Lithuania has started to emerge from its socialist shadow and hence can be said to have matured enough to warrant inclusion into the common Euro area. Though the common Euro area is mainly a monetary union, the fact that the Lithuanian economy is developing a fast rate has resulted in its non-inclusion in the common Euro area. The other reasons or the cost benefit analysis that has been carried out has been in favor of the union with the Euro area because of the perceived gain to the Euro currency because of the relative robustness of the Lithuanian economy. C) The European central bank had a role to play in the transformation of the Lithuanian banking system from a pre-modern one to a modern one. The ECB has extended all possible help to the Lithuanian banking system to make this transition possible. However, the fact that Lithuania is a part of the Euro area has led to a relatively major role for the ECB and the way in which the ECB has been guiding the transition makes it a stronger player than the central bank of Lithuania in the transition process. The ECB has mandated several requirements to the central bank of Lithuania as part of the process for acceptance and it is to the credit of the Lithuanian baking authorities that many of these requirements have been met. D) The major export and import industries of

Merrill Lynch Change Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Merrill Lynch Change Management - Case Study Example The goal of change management is to make sure that change is not being resisted by employees and is being properly incorporated. To make the process of change smoother, a structured and systematic approach should be used. One thing we should always remember is that even though it can be necessary, we should not bring about a change just for the sake of changing. Normally these changes are done to stay competitive, to upgrade the company. The necessity of change does not take place from within the firm; it is usually because of outside drivers or forces. There are many models which help in change management. One of these is the AKDAR model; Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement. According to Tech-FAQ, this model says: "Awareness is sharing the knowledge of why the change is taking place. Desire is having the motivation to participate in the change process. This desire must exist for the employees and the organisation as a whole. Knowledge of how to change must be known, not just that there is a need to change. Ability is making the change happen by changing behaviours and implementing new skills. Reinforcement is when individuals and organisations are reinforced to sustain the changes; making them the new behaviour otherwise they will go back to their old behaviour". Literature Review The force field analysis, developed by Kurt Lewin was developed initially for social situations. It talks about forces which can help you achieve your goals or factors which will hinder the process of getting towards your goals. According to 12-Manage, Lewin's view of this analysis is that "issue is held in balance by the interaction of two opposing sets of forces - those seeking to promote change (driving forces) and those attempting to maintain the status quo (restraining forces)". The driving forces should be more than the restraining forces; this would shift the equilibrium and a change will occur. The force field analysis is a method which helps in identifying the most important target groups for a campaign, identify competitors, it helps in identifying how to influence these target groups and helps in investigation the balance of power regarding an issue. The driving forces are written on the left while the restraining forces are written on the right. The force field analysis consists of a series of steps according to Valuebasedmanagment.net, 1. Analyse the current situation 2. Know the desired situation3. Identify where the current situation will go if no action is taken 4. List all the driving forces toward the desired situation 5. List all the restraining forces toward the desired situation 6. Question all of the forces: are they valid Can they be changed Which are the critical ones 7. Give a score to

Create an investment proposal for a business of your choice Assignment

Create an investment proposal for a business of your choice - Assignment Example Owing to the huge amount of the financial resources that will be required to implement the investment successfully, the funds will be sourced from commercial banks due to their ability in lending huge loans. The financial amounts that will be required to undertake a real estate investment has the potential of running into millions due to the cost of the essential requirements that will be needed. However, an investment analysis has been undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed investment. The business proposal evaluation has been undertaken using financial tools to measure the economic value of undertaking the investment. In addition, the investment proposal investigates the optimal financing approach that should be adopted by the investor based on the cost of financing an investment will incur to actualize the operations. Undertaking the financial plan of the investment is essential since it helps in validating the feasibility of the project to the financiers in suppor ting it implementation. Consequently, the investment proposal evaluation has played a critical role in establishing the significance of the investment and the optimal investment direction that should be adopted. In order to undertake the investment, the investor will need financial resources for operation of the investment activities. The amount of financial resource that is estimated to be required in undertaking the investment is  £100,000. Consequently, the financial resources will need to be solicited from the available sources. Sources of finance could be long-term, medium term or short-term depending on the favorable source for the investor. The long-term sources of finance are sources that exceed one year of reimbursement. The components of long-term debts are made up of equity and long-term debts (Ingram & Albright, 2009). Medium

French Revolution (1789) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

French Revolution (1789) - Essay Example lic and in 1793 executed the king. The formation of the National assembly, a body of people who were picked out of the middle classes, was an important development during the year of 1792. This led to an understanding on part of both the king and the bourgeoisie of the power of a collective, which strengthened the foundations of the goal to come out of political and social upheaval. According to a scholar, David Sibalis, the formation of the National Assembly represented an attempt on the part of the Parisian middle classes to â€Å"provide themselves with some minimal economic security through their own efforts.†3 Many of these efforts were frustrated by later events of the Revolution but the events of 1789 displayed a passion and fervor on the part of the Parisian middle classes to rise above their petty divisions and fight for the causes of equality that the French Revolution stands for, even today. The fight was also against what Barry M. Shapiro, a researcher, refers to a s an â€Å"irrational and inhumane judicial system†4 that refused to fix every subject of the state equally. According to a historian Eric Hobsbawn, the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 reflected the third estate’s passion and enthusiasm.5 Disgruntled soldiers joined the movement rioters who sought to storm the Bastille. Although the Bastille was a prison, it was also an armory, which the revolutionaries needed to continue their movement. It was also intended as a warning to the higher powers of Paris. The demand of the public for a constitutional monarchy that would lead to the formation of a republic had gained momentum in Paris and the middle classes saw in this idea the promise of a better future. The storming of the Bastille assumes greater implications once one takes these factors of the storming into regard. The storming of the battle, the, becomes a symbolic attack on the tyranny that the nobles and the king practiced upon the citizens of France. Accor ding to a historian, Richard Burton, the Bastille formed a â€Å"nexus of fears and phobias whose hold over the eighteenth century Parisian mind is not to be doubted.†6 It is this tenacious hold that the act of the storming of the Bastille sought to loosen, consciously or unconsciously. Paris being the capital of the country, not only was aware of the nature of the exploitation that was happening, but Parisians were also the first to be affected by the mismanagement of the economy. They possessed the ability, due to their proximity to the centers of power, to analyses and understand the causes of the miserable conditions of their existence, as they existed in 1789. These conditions reached a peak when the Bastille was stormed. This action in itself, shorn of it symbolic significance, appears a trivial one since there weren’t any important people in the Bastille who could have been harmed. As a prison of the French government, however, the Bastille had turned into a sym bol of the tyranny that caused great misery to the lives of the French people. The

Microsoft PowerPoint Essay Example for Free

Microsoft PowerPoint Essay The place below describes the hardware and software that I will use to have my project done: 1. A monitor is an important output hardware, a monitor screen consists of very tiny dots called pixels, these pixels are divided into three colours (Red, Green, and Blue). When a specific amount of electricity goes through these pixels, they change colours; these colours are shown on screen as images, writings, programs, windows, etc. 2. I will use a scanner to transfer real images into the computer. A scanner works when rays of light are reflected from the paper to a small camera that is sensitive to colours, and transmits all the colours in a data format to the computer. 3. A keyboard is the second most useful item, when you press a key; the keyboard gives a coded number (such as o11ooo11). The CPU receives that number and changes it into a letter (01100011=a), and I will use it to include writings into my database assignment. 4. The most useful hardware I will use is the mouse, it is very useful and simple to use. A mouse cursor moves when you move a mouse, the ball in the mouse moves which controls a laser beam that flashes into a device similar to an LDR (Light Dependant Resistor) to give orders of moving the mouse, and it will be used to control my cursor and build up my database. 5. A Hard disk stores information when data are travelled through cables in the CPU. A Hard Disk consists of several surfaces, which are divided into tracks magnetically sensitive. The read/ write head writes on these tracks magnetically. So, you can obtain data from Disk whenever you want. 6. A floppy disk is a good way of back-upping my files in case of loss or damage. It works in a way similar to the Hard Disk, the read/ write head writes and reads to/from a floppy disks tracks. 7. I will use Microsoft Word for accomplishing my work and text writings will be mixed with images, and Microsoft PowerPoint for the poster because it has a lot of good tools, such as drawing, background effects, etc. 8. I can use Microsoft Word for my poster but I preferred Power Point because its a lot easier and more powerful. 9. I will use the command insert, picture, from file, to transfer the Outlook logo to my project, as well as I used font size 14 and 16,some are bold and normal with abit underlining. In addition, I used the Times New Roman writing style because its very clear. 10. I used a laser jet printer because it prints out better than any normal printer, but I was only able to print black and white. 11. I used the tabs to separate writings in a clear way, e. g. Leaflet. I think I will approach my target/task if I simplified my work, for instance, if I want to create an easy and good poster, I will use Microsoft PowerPoint. A good way of brighten up my work is to add borders. Borders may be added by clicking on format, then borders and shadings and then selecting your border. A good way of mixing text writings and images is to use Microsoft Word. You can mix include the image in the paragraph by right clicking on the image, select text wrapping and choose through. Ideas: 1. Add colours to the poster so most people will notice it. 2. You may add borders to the leaflet. 3. Images would be great if they are mixed with text writings in a good way. Headed letter should include the logo of the company and information to contact them. Steps of Making: Headed Letter: Begin with a new word document and name it (e. g. Letter). Add the logo of the company by copying the image and paste it on your document, upper right-hand side is always the best. It is always good to type information about the company and how to contact them under the logo. Now write your letter and begin with Dear Sir/Madam. In the end of your letter you may want add the word Yours Sincerely or Your Faithful, and put your signature under your name. Leaflet: Begin with a new word document and name it (e. g. leaflet). Add a border to your leaflet by clicking on format, borders and shadings and selecting the border you want. Begin with the name of company; you may add the logo of your company above or under the name. If your doing a leaflet about a restaurant menu, you may add the name of item (e. g. French Fries) and type the price next to it (e. g. $12), or to make it even better it is preferable to add the size (e. g. S $3, M$7, L$12). Begin by launching Microsoft PowerPoint, and opening a new presentation. Choose the text layout title slide. Type the name of company or the offer in the title bar. Add information under the title. You may want to include Telephone number and address of company. Copy and paste images to your poster to brighten your work. Design: PC Design Poster Headed Letter Leaflet Flow Charts Poster Headed letter Leaflet Implement: Finally I finished my poster, headed letter and the leaflet, and then printed them out. I think my work will be used mainly in restaurants. My poster can be used to advertise special offers, my leaflet to view restaurant menu, and headed letter to be used in the restaurants office. I produced my work and took it to gather some information from some friends, Riasat Afzal said that my work could be better if I printed it in colours and made the poster a little bigger. Tanveer said that my leaflets currency should be in pounds (or euros these days), in addition to that, your headed letter should be formal and it will be better if it contained more than 50 words.

Culture Discrimination in School Essay Example for Free

Culture Discrimination in School Essay Magdoline Asfahani.s â€Å"Time to Look and Listen â€Å" is a descriptive essay in wich Magdoline explains how she expirience Culture discrimination in school and try to balance her identity in ways that honored her parents cultures while embracing American-born values. Magdoline states that , is painful and hard to keep emotions under control , her anger , resentment , pain can breack though and overwhelm what she try to portray in a cool, rational manner . Magdoline explains how she deal with discrimination in her school because of her culture . In the essay , Magdoline expands the reasons of been discrimanate because of her ethnicity , race and for be an immigrant at school. First , Magdoline describes ethnicity as culture discriminatio in school . She explains that as a younh child immigrant raised with a conscious respect for America that many people take for granted. . She further explains that discrimination is not unique to America because it occurs in any country that allows immingration . Magdoline clearly states that â€Å"Anyone who is unlike the majority is looked at the a little suspiciously , dealt with a little differently. â€Å"(68). She affirms that everything change for her U.S Marine barracks in Beirut had been bombed, at school her classmates ataunt her with cruel names , attacking her heritage and religion . She said that after a while she try to forget her ethnicity because her classmates told her that she came from an uncivilixed , brutal place .Magdoline did feel like to murderers. Second , In the essay Magdoline expands on the reasons that race is a culture discrimination in school . She affirms that beacuse of her race she stopped inviting friends over dinner , because she thought the food was weird. She said that it is humiliate for her to let her friend know where her parents come from because of their accents . Magdoline further explains that she felt exclude and began to turn into someone without a past. She states that â€Å"Why should an adolecent be asked questions like is it true you hate jews and you want to destroyed? â€Å"(69). She explain that her parents never said anything even alluding to such snetiments . Third , Magdoline iliminates that to be an immigrant is a reason for be discriminate in school . Sje explains that while she was at shool one teache bulling her when she told the proferor that she is goimh to the Meddle East . Magno states that â€Å" who knew nothing abouth Arabs and Muslim except what they saw on television seemed like a bad dream â€Å" ( 69). She affirms that she realize now that she come from a culture that has a rich history . In conclusion ,Magnoline explaind that culture discrimination in school still but it needs to be done , not for sake any particulare ethnic or cultural groups but for sake of our country .She enlightens the education is hey to undestand an as Americans we need to take a time to look and listen carefully to what is aroud us and not rush to judgment without knowing the fact .Magnoline affirms that expirience Culture discrimination in school is because we have differnet ethnicity, race or for been an immigrant but discrimination is not unique to America because it occurs in any country that allows immingration.

Determinants That Cause The Demand Curve To Shift Economics Essay

Determinants That Cause The Demand Curve To Shift Economics Essay Demand means that the willingness of a buyers to buy a goods and able to buy a goods at a different price levels. The law states that the demand curve is a downward sloping graph which shows that there is a negative relationship between the price of a product and the quantity of a product. When a price of a product rises, the quantity demanded will decrease. On the other hand, when the price of a product falls, the quantity demanded will increase. Demand is a shift either rightward or leftward in the demand curve. Demand curve will shift leftward if the consumers decide to buy less, and the demand curve will shift rightward if the consumers decide to buy more. Decrease in demand will cause the demand curve to shift leftward. There are many determinants that cause the demand curve to shift. Price of coke $ Figure 5.1 D0 D1 Quantity of coke One of the determinants that cause the demand curve to shift is expectation. For example, if the price of a coke expected will fall next month, the quantity demand will also decrease. So, this is as shown in figure 5.1. As the demand decrease, the demand curve will definitely shift leftward from D0 to D1.Besides, the price of substitutes and complements good will cause the demand curve to shift. Complementary goods are good that are used together. For example, petrol and car. If the price of petrol rise, this will cause the quantity demand for car decrease. Substitute good are good that can be replaced with another good. For example, butter and margarine. If the price of butter fall, the quantity of margarine will definitely shift leftward. Besides, the taste and income will also cause the demand curve to shift. Quantity demand is a movement upward or downward in the demand curve. The only factor that will cause the movement is the price of the goods itself. For example, the price of an apples decrease from $2.50 to $1.90. This will cause the demand curve to move downward (from point A to B). Besides, the quantity demand definitely will increase from 4 to 7 as it applied the law of demand. As the price of an apple decrease, the quantity demanded will increase. This is shown in Figure 5.2. Price of an apple $ 2.50 A 1.90 B Figure 5.2 0 Quantity for apples 4 7 Part B Income elasticity of demand means that the percentage change in quantity demanded dividing the percentage change in households income. There are 3 types of degrees of income elasticity of demand (YED). If the income elasticity of demand is greater than 0, then this elasticity is a positive YED. But this positive YED is categorized into two types. First, if the quantity demanded of a good rise a smaller amount of percentage compare to the income of the households, this is known as a normal good. A normal good normally does not responsive to the changes in the quantity demanded of the good. This is also known as income elastic since (0

Poetry Analysis :: essays research papers

â€Å"Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter† by John Crowe Ransom (578)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Crowe Ransom, an American poet, was born in Pulaski, Tennessee on April 30, 1888. He received an undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University in 1909, and later became a professor there. Ransom published three volumes of highly much-admired poetry. He was a member of the Fugitives, a group of writers who were suspicious of the social and cultural changes taking place in the South during the early twentieth century. They sought to preserve the traditional idea, which was firmly embedded in classical values and forms. He had an enormous influence on an entire generation of poets and fellow academics they described him as the â€Å"New Criticism.† He believed in the poetic virtues of irony and complexity. John Crowe Ransom died in 1974. What is the situation? It is about a man trying to come to grips with the death of a young girl. He is recollecting how the young girl died. What’s the total impression of the poem? The impression I got when I read this poem was shaken by the dramatic contrast between life and death of a young girl. How does the title relate to the poem? The Bells in the title are referring to the bells in line 17 â€Å"But now go the bells†¦Ã¢â‚¬  , the bells that were sounded at the girls death. What mental pictures does it create? A sunny day when the girl is running about with a flock of geese to the pond. A small girl so active, alive, and having such playful energy. Then, her playfulness is gone and she is still in death. What specific figurative language and poetic devices convey these images? Mood and Rhythm. He uses words such as â€Å"astonishes† and â€Å"vexed† to show his amazement and grief that the young girl has passed away. What’s the general atmosphere of the poem? Grief and astonishment Have I ever felt this way or experienced this emotion? Yes, I have felt this way many times when a close friend or family member has passed away.

Tom Jones is a great novel of English Literature Essay -- English Lite

Tom Jones is a great novel of English Literature Tom Jones is a great novel of English Literature; it presents a dilemma raised in a humorous way. The 18th century masterpiece develops in the countryside of England at the village-like place of Summerset. Sexual temptations, moral assumptions, and unique characters make the story as captivating a creative painting from Picasso. Most important; the character of Tom Jones is very identifiable for his realistic approaches, sexual adventures, and heroic actions. The novel tells the story of a bastard child found by a wealthy man with great heart: Squire Allworthy, †the lord of the country manor†(Tom Jones the novel play, 1963). He found this infant in the sheets of his bed one night as he prepared to sleep. This is of course Tom Jones. As a growing kid, Tom gets himself in trouble all the time with the unwelcome help of Master Blifil (Allworthy’s sister’s son with evil, greedy Captain Blifil). Tom is a child of great heart and passion. However, anything Tom ever does seems wrong and punishable because Blifil and his t...

Rotation of the letter R :: Essays Papers

Rotation of the letter "R" Psychologists have been interested in the processes that go on in the mind for centuries. However, a new method for assessing the various processes emerged in the 1970's. Several researchers predicted that mental imagery was treated by the brain similarly to actions performed on physical objects. Thus, performance in tasks involving inspection, rotation, and comparison of mental images according to size should be similar to results obtained using actual objects. Kosslyn, Ball, and Reiser (1978) asked participants to scan a mental map after studying a map of an island with several landmarks. They predicted that the further the distance between the landmarks, the longer it would take participants to scan from one to the next, whether using the actual map or a mental image created by intensive study. Their hypothesis was supported by their results. The closer positions took less time to locate on the participant' mental maps than the more distant places. In 1973, Cooper and Shepard asked participants to perform a mental rotation task. They gave the participants an image, and asked them to rotate it mentally by a certain angle, and then match the rotated image with one of several choices. Their prediction was that the greater the angle of rotation, the longer the task would take. This was because it would take longer to physically rotate a figure more degrees than fewer degrees. The evidence supported this hypothesis: The closer the angle is to 180 degrees, the longer the reaction time. Angles greater than 180 degrees do not take longer because the subject will rotate it in the other direction. So the angle distance from 180 degrees, called the angle of disparity, is directly related to the reaction time. The experiment done by the class involves looking at the letter "R" on a computer screen, and determining whether it is forward or reverse. The "R" is rotated at varying degrees, and participants must mentally rotate the "R" in order to determine whether it is forward or reversed. A forward "R" is the letter "R" in its usual orientation. The reversed "R" is backwards from its usual position. There were several predictions made by the class before the experiment was run. The highest reaction time was predicted to be at the 180 degrees condition, with the lowest reaction time at 0 degrees, increasing in both directions toward 180 degrees. Also, the average reversed-figure reaction time was expected to be higher than the average normal time.

Pearl Harbor Interactive Map

How did the United States attempt to halt the Japanese before the attack? They shot the submarine and it sunk. . On which Hawaiian island is pearl Harbor located? AAU 4. What did Bert Davis and Warren Law think the chances were for a Japanese attack? Bert Davis thought that it wasn't goanna happen as quick as it did. Warren Law thought that they weren't going to do it. 5. How many Japanese planes were in the first wave of the attack? 1 83 6. Which ship fired the first shots Of the war between the U. S. And Japan? Did the first shot hit?The Us Destroyer Ward and the first shot did not hit but the second one did. 7. At what time did the Ward report that it had been engaged? 6:30 8. Why does this message move so slowly? . At 0720 an officer in training shrugs off reports of the planes that were sighted†¦ Why? For security reasons he cannot tell radio operators. 10. At 0733 a message arrives in Honolulu, what happened that led Roosevelt to believe there may be an attack? A decoded J apanese message. 1 1 . According to Japanese pilot Harbor Hosing, how did they judge how high to fly?If the spray from the torpedo hit the wings 12. When the attack started what had the Japanese hoped to see, and didn't? Aircraft carriers 13. How did Warren Jones know that this was not a drill? 0755 He heard guns firing from his side of defense 14. What mistake on the part Of the Japanese led to the Utah being hit? They saw the wood-covered decks, and Hough she was a carrier 15. After reading about the Oklahoma, what happened which made it hard for the crew to escape? The battleship rolled over 16.Why was the Arizona hit by torpedoes and tables not? How were Carl Carbon's and Warner Falseness experiences different? The torpedoes went under the Vestal and they were different because Carl was on the Arizona and Warner was on the Vestal. 17. Where was Mary' Ann Ramsey? What does she remember? She was on Ford Island, and she remembers exploding of bombs, whine of lanes, fragments explod ing, smoke everywhere 18. Who was Dories Miller? Why is he considered such a hero? Dories Miller saved and injured captain and then shot down 3 Joneses planes 19.On the West Virginia 3 men survived trapped until what date? What happened? December 23, and they died because the air gave out 20. Why couldn't the B-1 7 Flying Fortresses that arrived from the mainland help? It couldn't help because they didn't have any gunfire 21 . Why was the explosion on the Arizona so devastating? It was so devastating because it killed 11 77 men and it all happened in 9 minutes 22. Who was America's first prisoner of war? Ensign Kane Kamala 23. Why did the Nevada not continue with her escape?

Religion and Diversity Management

Diversity Management Why is it important for an organization to have a clear definition of diversity? What organizations can you identify that exemplify each of the diversity management paradigms: resistance, discrimination-and-fairness, access-and-legitimacy, and integration-and-learning? It is important for an organization to have a clear definition of diversity, because without it an organization the organization would not be able to get behind the notion of diversity in the organization and also allow the organization to move forward and determine what is expected from management and other associates of the organization.With a clear definition of diversity it will enable the organization to hiring and retaining top talent, have new perspectives and approaches in solving problems, and improved relationships with other outside the organization that provide a service to the organization. The organization that I can identify that exemplify each of the diversity management paradigms i t the U. S. Armed Forces because virtually every possible ethnic and religious group is represented. The Armed Forces tries to judge it people by his or her performance and not by race, color, religion or gender.The Armed Forces exemplify the discrimination and fairness paradigm by which that it don’t assimilate diversity in the organization without acknowledging there is a difference, which would cause some of the organization to ignore diversity while others attempt to work with it, which would cause un-unity and weaken the force. Also the use of the access and legitimacy paradigm plays a great part of the unity because as the people felt more comfortable dealing with people who look like they do (uniforms). I believe that gave the organization immediate access to different demographic groups to be gel into one strong unified force.

Chemistry IA design format Essay

1.0.0- Introduction 1.0.1- Focus Question- If the mass of magnesium reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed will the temperature of the solution increase and the total mass decrease. 1.0.2- Hypothesis- If the mass of magnesium that is reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed the temperature of the solution will increase and the total mass will decrease. 1.0.3- Theory- The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric reaction is written as follows, Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) (Ng, 2008, pg 1). This reaction goes through two distinct changes that both have an effect on the energy change in the reaction. Enthalpy refers to changes in energy in a compound (Assut, 2008, pg 1). Two distinct changes can occur. An endothermic change occurs when the energy being absorbed is grater then the energy being released whereas and exothermic change is when the energy being released is greater than the energy being absorbed. Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken and energy is released when they are formed (Newton, 2008, pg1). Energy change cannot be directly measured. However energy change affects the physical force of heat. Therefore a heat change is indicative of an energy change. If the heat increase in the solution the change will be exothermic and if the heat decreases the reaction will be endothermic. In respects to the formula Magnesium forms an ionic bond with chlorine to form the salt magnesium chloride. When this bond is formed energy is released in the form of an endothermic change, this energy drop would be quite small however because the bond is ionic and does not take much energy to create since magnesium and chorine bond easily. However the second change is that hydrogen breaks off from chlorine in the hydrochloric acid and hydrogen is released as a gas. The breaking of bonds would absorb energy therefore forming an exothermic reaction. Hydrogen and chorine however form a very strong covalent bond. Covalent bonds form between atoms with similar electronegative forces and are there for take a lot of energy to break ( Anissimov, 2008, pg 1) Since the endothermic change is weak and the exothermic change is strong it can be predicted that the overall change will be exothermic and therefore the solution will heat up. Temperature change in a chemical reaction can be measured with a device known as a calorimeter. A calorimeter measures the heat of the solution before the reaction has occurred and then again after the reactant has been added (Whel, 2008, pg 1). These two values can be mathematically manipulated to find the relative change in temperature. If two of the same substance have different masses it means there is more of the one substance. In a mass of a substance there is a certain amount of material that can be reacted. By increasing mass the amount of substance that may be reacted increases. Therefore if mass increased the amount that of substance reacted will increase as well providing there is enough of the reactant. This will in turn increase the energy change. Also if more of the substance reacts with the reactant more of the reactant will be used up. This means that if the magnesium is increased there will be more reaction with hydrochloric acid; this means that more hydrogen will be released as gas and the total mass of the solution will decrease. Henceforth the change in heat should be greater if their entire solution is lighter as more of the hydrochloric acid has been reacted and hydrogen lost as a gas. How the reaction works (Figure 1) Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) 1.1.0- Controlling variables 1.1.1- Variables (Table 1) Variable Type of variable Method for control Mass of magnesium Independent Mass will change for each sample, sample range will be 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g and 10g Heat change Dependent This will be calculated by subtracting the final heat of the solution by the initial heat of the solution. The data will be gathered by using a calorimeter Change in mass in solution Dependent This will be calculated by measuring the weight of the solution and subtracting the weight of the calorimeter and the magnesium. The original mass not including calorimeter and the magnesium will then be subtracted by this value to mind the change of mass in the solution. Initial temperature Controlled The temperature of the solution will be heated to 25c and the reaction started immediately. External temperature Controlled The room temperature will be controlled at 24c Volume of hydrochloric acid Controlled The volume of hydrochloric acid will be 40mls per sample. Measuring apparatus Controlled A 50ml calorimeter with electronic thermometer and a scale with milligram accuracy. Time of experiment Controlled The experiment will be ended when reaction is fully complete and reaction will be given 10 seconds to calibrate before results are taken Replications Controlled Standard 5 replications of each sample will be performed. 1.1.2- Control used in comparison- The reacted samples will be compared against hydrochloric acid with no magnesium that is also 25 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature remains constant there should be no energy or mass change, this would mean that on a graph this would represent a straight line which others samples with energy changes (heat changes) could be compared to. – Bibliography Ng, H.N, 2008, Acid reactions, Vat.Gov.Un, Accessed 21/08/09, http://vat.maharashtra.gov.in/communicationcenter/QueryAnswerSubjectwise.php?start=3090&subId=0000000007. Asset, M.A, 2008, Chemical Enthalpy, Nasa.gov, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/enthalpy.html Newton, R.N, 2008, Energetics and bonding, Unknown sponsor, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.webchem.net/notes/how_far/enthalpy/enthalpy_diagrams.htm Anissimov, T.A, 2007 Chemical bonding, Simon Frasier University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/ Whel, L.W, 2006, Calorimeters, Stanford University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors/calorimeters.html Acknowledgments The procedure of this experiment is a adaption of a previous class experiment. The source of the procedure is unknown, so thanks to Miss Crook for the inspirations for this design.

Principles of marketing Essay

Explain the various elements of the marketing process. Marketing is the group to everyone is exposed to the marketing daily even when they do not know it and billboards enclosed the nation. These parts explain that an opening into the world market and different aspects and you will pay attention about marketing mix. In future the customers are recognized and place between the cross chains with marketing research and target market and to achieve a particular message to particular customer and also one should have common with direct market. The internet marketing is one of the additional recent trends that many organizations. The solution for a successful marketing effort is maintaining a level of customer liking while at the same time creating a profit for association. The marketing is a concept that it is developing the new marketing. They are also known as four â€Å"P’s†. The important for an association to have a good understanding and every element is main developing a marketing plan. In the marketing mix there are four elements that build up the marketing process. They are: Figure: 1 Price: There are several ways to price a product and have a look at a number of them try to recognize the best strategy in various situations. Such high prices are charge for comfort as cunard cruises, hotel rooms and concorde flights. Figure: 2 Pricing Strategies Matrix The price is charged for products and services and also was located at the artificially low in order to increase market share is known as â€Å"penetration pricing†. The â€Å"economy pricing† is no additions of the low price and cost of marketing and create are reserved at a minimum. This is a charge of a high price for the reason that has a substantial competitive advantage is skimming of price. These are the four main pricing strategies premium, penetration, skimming and economy pricing. Place: The way of distribution comprises a set of institutions which perform all the actions utilised to move a manufactured goods and its title from production to consumption. The element of â€Å"Neil H.Borden’s† marketing mix is known as place. It is the mechanism through which goods and services are moved from the service provider to user or consumer. Product: The product is simply the real physical entity that may be buying and selling. The life cycle is based upon  the biological life cycle and the creation of long period as adult the plant begins to shrink. Promotion: These is one of the four process is promotion and these includes all of tools available to market for marketing communication with Neil H.Borden’s marketing mix and its marketing communications has its own promotions mix is known as promotion. In the easyjet the marketing process it is one of the best successful low cost airlines in the Europe and with achievement of the low cost subsidiary of british airways in 2002 it has became a biggest low cost airline in Europe and it is go beyond rival ryanair to the top position. The case outlines the origin of these easyjet and the major events that occurred in the airline past from its foundation in 1995 and the issues of the business representation and functioning strategies adopted by doing well low cost airli ne and overcome to ready for action and ecological factors. 1(b). Evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for the case organisation. The pressure to evaluate non critical costs is a constant in commercial life and the benefits of investing in the marketing among those who have seen the customers. A objective scorecard was often used to evaluate the largely presentation of the cost underestimation and benefit overestimation are major sources. The strategic management affects the entire association by providing direction. Sales management refers to the administration of the personal selling component of an organization’s marketing program. It includes the planning, performance, and control of sales programs, as well as recruiting, preparation, encouraging, and evaluating members of the sales force. The basic role of the sales manager is to develop and manage a selling program that in point of fact contributes to the achievement of the goals of the general organization. The term â€Å"sales manager† may be properly applied to more than a few members of an organization, including marketing executives, managers of field sales forces, district and division managers, and product line sales administrator. This text emphasizes the role of managers that keep an eye on a f ield sales force. 2(a). Describe macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions. To know the wide range of influence on organisation both the internal and external. There are some of the decisions that have to make relating to these influences in order to keep the association moving ahead in line with administration plans. In this  environment also need to study the impact these may contain on the marketing mix. To do this we need to examine influences that collision on the preparation process, such as: Marketing environment, both macro and micro competition social, cultural, environmental, economic issues. Marketing environment is prepared of all factors and forces that influencing on the marketing, thus these force can be in internal i.e. like departments and the external are like competitors, dealer, economic situation. To know them better, marketing personals separate them in two categories namely macro environment and micro-environment. Let’s have a look at some of the important factors involved in marketing environment. An internal influence is an influence with the intention comes from contained by the industry and can affect the business in a variety of ways. Internal influences can be aspect of the working situation such as a good member of staff helping to do well and improve and member of staff coming up with a new marketing idea.In making decisions, capitalist need to be as fully aware as possible of the fundamental economic location, both in conditions of general economic state of affairs, and in terms of the information of the particular scheme. In order to remain money making, business must be aware of the situation in the particular market in which they operate. They supposed to be fully aware of the costs they are currently incurred, as well as the present and upcoming prices they wait for to be able to charge. A large amount of this information should be presented if records are kept of the past transactions in which the business engage. To be sure it is easier said than done to see how decisions can be made effectively unless records of this sort are kept. Business decision making usually involve choices between option courses of action. These option courses of action are often subject to limit of various types. Alternatives are then estimated, and the decision made. It is usual to then screen or check the definite decision to see whether in fact the results were in line with what was predictable. If not, questions need to be asked. Monitoring can provide useful just around the corner into what went wrong and how to rectify it. Business decisions can cover a large amount of different things. Possible decisions might include: how much of a product to sell how much to charge for a product whether to take over another business whether to close down a business whether to invest in a particular piece of equipment choosing between alternative ways of producing something how much to spend on research and development plus a host of alternatives. External factors that may occur and influence these places on these analyses the external micro and macro environment based upon case study of easyjet and the basis for making planned management decisions using the assumption and proposal. Easyjet factors in macro and micro environment customer profiles are a host of explanation in the responsible for diversify the cover of its external influence that affect internal decisions and presentation in the easyjet. 2(b). Propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets. Market segmentation is the process of classified key groups or segments within the common market that share specific characteristics and consumer way of life. Once the market is broken into segments, companies can develop publicity programs for each segment, focus publicity on one or two segments, new products to appeal to one or more of the segments. Companies often support this technique of market to the one size fits of all mass marketing approach, because it allows them to aim specific groups that might not be achieved by mass marketing agenda. To identify segments, marketers study consumer interests, taste, first choice, and socioeconomic characteristics in order to decide their outline of consumption and how they will react to different marketing approach. The most important information marketers seek consumers purchase particular products but not others. List of seller and straight marketing firms build up some of the key users of market segmentation, even though many other kinds of companies and association use this technique. Market segmentation also called micromarketing make things easier the marketing process, because it allows marketers to give attention to their publicity on groups of consumers who divide major characteristics. Marketers, as a result, can produce specific publicity geared towards specific segments; o therwise marketers have to create very general advertising and expect that it will appeal to a diverse audience. Market segmentation also can be more efficient than traditional marketing techniques such as product separation. For the reason that marketers focus their marketing on particular segments, they can look forward to better results from each segment than they could expect from these consumer groups if delighted as a whole. In these the different segmentation and aiming methods are used in these criteria of an organisations if the monopolist is capable to perfectly segment. Four key criterions are used to evaluate easyJet strategic marketing success. Strong Financial Performance. Shareholder value is ultimately driven by bottom line economic success, which at easyJet has been energy by capacity expansion, cost control and tapping in to highly price sensitive segments of the market. Express Sales growth between 1998 and 2003 revenues grew by a factor of twelve and profits grew by a factor of almost nine. Cash administration with the mindset of an aggressive start-up, easyJet has not paid a payment to date, prefer to retain profits to fund upcoming development. In 2003, the company had enough cash reserves to fund a complete year of operations. Exponential Market Share Growth. 2(c) Choose and explain targeting strategy for the product/service in the case organization. The target market is collection of customers that business has confined to reach the object of the marketing efforts and eventually its merchandise and also a well confined target market is first of aspect to their marketing strategy. A target market and marketing merge variables of product; promo tion and price are the two elements of marketing become one strategy. In a business classes on market strategy regularly ask over for the participants the questions like â€Å"who are the customers for u? Who will buy your products?† and also it assumptions can lead to incorrect pricing and incorrect market strategy and at the end of the day business failure. The majority of small businesses are more successful and we can easily know that there is only a limited number of persons purchase their products. In this easyjet the past case study was taken from e-business and e-commerce management volume. Easyjet has report of target market was reduced in customers but the easyjet have problem with weather. Easyjet has low-cost airline for the people who travels daily. 2(d). Demonstrate how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations. Marketing activities are nothing but how you are going to handle the marketing mix price, product, place, promotion, evidence in order to market product effectively. The different activitie s involved in handling the above talk about comprise the marketing activities.  Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behaviour Learning Goals Define the consumer market and construct a model of consumer buyer behaviour Name the four factors that influence buyer behaviour List and understand the types of buying decision behaviour and stages in the process Describe the adoption and diffusion process for new products Case Study Harley Davidson Building Success Understanding the customers’ emotions and motivation Determining the factors of loyalty. Translating this information to effective advertising Measuring Success Currently 22% of all United states bike sales. Demand above supply Sales doubled in the past 5 years with earnings tripled.Thus, the marketing management seeks to affect the level and nature of demand in companies such as easyjet and dyson achieved success by on the face of it breaking all marketing activities, such as â€Å"buy one and get one free† price than buyer activities starts with a consumer social position and lifestyle. 2(e). Propose new market positioning for a selected product/service. Products that are not the first by being the first to maintain a unique position in the mind the consumer, a firm in actual fact can cut through the noise level of other products. That is, the number one product has twice the market share of number two, which has twice the market share of number three. Ries and Trout argue that the success of a brand is not due to the high level of marketing acumen of the compan y itself, but rather, it is due to the fact that the company was first in the product category. They use the case of Xerox to make this point. Xerox was the first plain-paper copier and was able to sustain its leadership position. However, time after time the company failed in other product categories in which it was not first. For example, Miller Lite was not the first light beer, but it was the first to be positioned as a light beer, complete with a name to support that position. Similarly, Lowenbrau was the most popular German beer sold in America, but Beck’s Beer successfully carved a unique position using the advertising, Consumers rank brands in their minds. If a brand is not number one, then to be successful it somehow must relate itself to the number one brand. A campaign that pretends that the market leader does not exist is likely to fail. Avis tried unsuccessfully for years to win customers, pretending that the number one Hertz did not exist. Finally, it began using the line. 3(a). Explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage. This makes the product so it can be brought out into the market  in stages instead of all at once. The product can spin the first time you bring it out to the market. The next time it can not only rotate, but now it can turn over. Even though you have the means to make it do all these things first time you made the product. In this way your customers see it as always improving and getting better instead of getting bored with the product because it was all wrapped up in one big bang. This will also help keep the competitor guessing on what else is to come as a replacement for of buildin g a product. 3(b). Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience. Customer Satisfaction United Kingdom’s study of help to get and maintain the highest levels of service, ensuring total customer satisfaction and loyalty to company. consult you at every stage of the project, we develop a unique solution to your needs, and by linking our recommended customer satisfaction activities to business objective our in house interviewers are intellectual, experienced qualified who are expert at collecting worthless customer feedback. One of our key strengths, they serve as excellent. ambassadors on behalf of our clients. A common definition of customer satisfaction is that it is a measure of the extent to which a company’s products or services fulfil or exceed customer’s expectations. Customers can become dissatisfied with a company’s products or services for a wide variety of reasons. 3(c). Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions. The purpose of the present study is to explore the pricing methods that service companies adopt in order to set their prices, along with the service, organizational and environmental characteristics that influence these methods. Methodology To achieve the research objectives, data were collected through personal interviews in 170 companies operating in six different services sectors in Greece. 3(d). Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives. Establishing objectives and budgeting for the promotional program. Importance of objectives, specific objectives, rela tions of planning and decision making, measurement and evaluation, characteristics of objectives are: Specific Attainable Measurable Realistic Quantifiable and Marketing Objectives Normally stated in the firm’s marketing plan. Realized through the overall marketing plan. Experimental, such as sales, market share. To be able in a given period of time must be practical and achievable to be effective. 3(e). Analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mix. The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an association connected in as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. Habitually the marketing mix consisted of just 4 Ps. they are: Produces products that are of the highest quality and fit for the needs of different groups of consumers. Offers a range of cars at value for money prices, depending on the market segmented they are targeted at. Sells the cars through appropriate outlets such as dealerships and showrooms in prime locations, i.e. in the right places, and Supports the marketing of the products through appropriate promotional and advertising activity. The marketing mix thus consists of four main elements: 1. Product 2. Price 3. Place 4. Promotion. Getting the mix of these elements right enables the association to meet its marketing objectives and to satisfy the requirements of customers. In addition to the traditional four Ps it is now customary to add some more Ps to the mix to give us Seven Ps. The additional Ps have been added because today marketing is far more customer oriented than ever before, and because the service sector of the economy has come to dominate economic activity in this country. These 3 extra Ps are particularly relevant to this new extended service mix. The three extra Ps are: 1. Physical layout – in the days when manufacturing dominated the UK economy the physical layout of production units such as factories was not very important to the end consumer because they never went inside the factory. However, today consumers typically come into contact with products in retail  units – and they expect a high level of presentation in modern shops – e.g. record stores, clothes shops etc. Not only do they need to easily find their way around the store, but they also often expect a good standard or presentation. 2. Provision of customer service – customer service lies at the heart of modern service industries. Customers are likely to be loyal to organizations that serve them well – from the way in which a telephone query is handled, to direct face-to-face interactions. Although the ‘have a nice day’ approach is a bit corny, it is certainly better than a couldn’t care less approach to customer relations. Call centre staff and customer interfacing personnel are the front line troops of any organization and therefore need to be thoroughly familiar with good customer relation’s practice. 3. Processes – associated with customer service are a number of processes involved in making marketing effective in an organization e.g. processes for handling customer complaints, processes for identifying customer needs and requirements, processes for handling order etc The 7 Ps – price, product, place, promotion, physical presence, provision of service, and processes comprise the modern marketing mix that is particularly relevant in service industry, but is al so relevant to any form of business where meeting the needs of customers is given priority. 4(a). Plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets. But different customers have different needs, and it rarely is possible to make happy all. Many of the consumer market segmentation variables can be applied to it can also be used to help a manager implement his/her own media plan. On one or two narrow market segments and tailoring your marketing mix to strategic marketing chapter objectives prelude case poor little rich. Objectives and issues of marketing strategy and marketing mix and action programmers in one consumer packaged goods category, 44 percent of consumers with different market segments and individual customers. To request the link at a different email address, update it here consumer markets individuals purchasing goods/services for their personal use businesses plan the introduction of new products to replace existing ones before they become could destroy the producer’s marketing mix this paper assesses the marketing mix of both easyJet and Ryanair, coke and pepsi have since been competing to rein the global market in consumer beverages. cuando se trata de marketing, plan and define their marketing mi x to meet the particular needs of different market  segments. 4(b). Illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers. Business marketing is the observe of marketing the products or services to the other companies, resell the products or services, use the products in combination with their own used products in their business process. In compare, consumer marketing is marketing directed toward the consumer, or the individual end user. The essentials of both the types of marketing are basically the same, but the issues faced can be different. All marketers select target markets and base their marketing decisions, such as price, type of promotion and distribution based on those target markets. But the nature of business purchasing is influenced by several decision makers, professional buyers and the potential for one. 4(c). Show how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing. If you talk in general, both the terms Globa l and International marketing are used interchangeably at the present time. But if you are talking in terms of marketing theories, International Marketing was a stage in the evolution of Global Marketing. Domestic Marketing: Companies manufacturing products and selling those within the country itself. So, no international phenomenon at all. Export Marketing: Company starts exporting products to another countries also. This is the very basic stage of global marketing. Approach of marketer in this stage is said to be ‘ethnocentric’ because although he is selling goods to foreign countries, product development is totally based upon the taste of local customer. So, focus is still on domestic market. International Marketing: Now, company starts selling products to various countries and the approach is ‘Polycentric’ that is making different products for different countries. So, one main difference between International and the Global marketing is the come close to marketer. A truly global business instead of offering different products to different countries increases and offers a single product to the world. Conclusion: After consideration of all factors of marketing management parts explain that an opening into the world market and different aspects and you will pay attention about marketing mix. In this marketing mix there are seven process of marketing management. And finally it is concluded by the PEST analysis of micro and macro environmental factors that are influenced by marketing decisions. Need an essay? You can buy essay help from us today!