The Death Of Meriwether Lewis - 1039 Words

The Death of Meriwether Lewis Meriwether Lewis was one of the travelers that were given the mission of traveling from the colonies to the Pacific Ocean, The Mission of Discovery. After Lewis got back from the expedition, he was assigned the role of Governor of The upper half of the Louisiana Purchase. When he was appointed to this position, he didn’t instantly go to do the job though. Actually he spent about half a year trying to publish the notes he wrote down during the Mission of Discovery. That didn t work out though because of financial funds. So Lewis came back to Washington D.C. and got ready to go to his part of the Louisiana territory. But on the way there he stopped at an inn called†¦show more content†¦In the position that Lewis supposedly shot himself at wound. Lets say he shot himself in the in the abdomen. This shot would also have been fatal because it would rupture something in his abdomen which would also would have been fatal. Therefor it doesn t matter if Lewis shot himself in the head first or the abdomen. They both would have been fatal. The amount of power that the horse pistols can generate shows that Lewis would not have been able to shoot himself twice. One shot would have immobilized him. If it was someone else shooting him that would make sense that there were two wounds, because someone else could have shot him. But Lewis shooting himself twice just isn t reasonable due to the amount of damage and the amount of power the guns would give. That is why Meriwether Lewis was the victim to a murder conspiracy. Also there is the information from Major James Neelly. Major Neelly was sending a letter to President Thomas Jefferson about the death of Meriwether Lewis. Major James Neelly was charged with treason and is a very sketchy person. There has been people who suspect Neelly to be part of the the murder conspiracy. Neelly was one of the companions that went with Lewis when he was traveling to his part of the Louisiana Purchase. It says that before they got to the inn the horses ran away and Neelly went to go catch them. At the time of the death of Lewis, Neelly was supposedly in court in a city about 60 miles away. At the time 2 days by horse.Show MoreRelatedEssay Meriwether Lewis the Leader670 Words   |  3 PagesLewis the Leader Meriwether Lewis is the main reason that the United States’ territory extends from the Atlantic Ocean all the way to the Pacific Ocean (â€Å"Meriwether Lewis† 2). He has done many great things, but he is best known for exploring the American West (1). He was a great man full of bravery. Meriwether faced tons of dangers in his life but he overcame all of them. Lewis â€Å"helped change the face of the United States by exploring uncharted territory- the American West (â€Å"Meriwether Lewis† 2)Read MoreAnalysis Of The Journey Of Meriwether Lewis And William Clark1011 Words   |  5 Pagesof Meriwether Lewis and William Clark as they explore the American West. Ambrose uses the thoughts of Lewis himself as a guide to the book; he even uses extensive journal entries which not only help the readers visualize what is going on during this expedition, but it helps the readers have a better understanding for what is happening in 19th century America. Ambrose uses a bi t of his own logic and opinion in the book as well, he makes it apparent that he has nothing but admiration for Lewis andRead MoreAdvocating For Meriwether Lewis As The Face Of The $ 10 Bill1239 Words   |  5 PagesAdvocating for Meriwether Lewis as the Face of the $10 Bill Introduction I believe that the Meriwether Lewis is one of the most qualified candidates for being on the $10 bill. Meriwether Lewis is most widely known for his part in leading the Corps of Discovery on their expedition across the land of the recently acquisitioned Louisiana Purchase. The expedition took place between May of 1804 to September of 1806 and spanned from St. Louis, Missouri to Fort Clatsop in present day Oregon. During thisRead MoreThe Mysterious Death of America ´s Greatest Explorer Mariwether Lewis587 Words   |  2 Pages The death of America’s greatest explorer, Meriwether Lewis is a mystery. Some say it was suicide and others say it was murder. It was unlikely that Meriwether Lewis committed suicide. This shows that there is more evidence that he was murdered instead of him committing suicide. Also, there were investigations that he was murdered instead of him committing suicide. These include the investigation of the dead body and the investigation of the letters tha t were written about Meriwether Lewis. It isRead More Undaunted Courage Essay732 Words   |  3 Pages A Brief Look at Stephen E. Ambrose’s Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Undaunted Courage is a very detailed account of what Ambrose considers the most important expedition in American history, Lewis and Clark’s exploration of the west. Ambrose attempts to project Thomas Jefferson’s vision of a country that stretches from sea to shining sea, of an open road to the west, of an â€Å"Empire of Liberty†. Ambrose repeatedlyRead MoreThe United States Of The Mississippi River1515 Words   |  7 Pagesmatter arranged, we left the banks of St. Charles with cheers from the crowd†¦into unknown civilization.† (Lewis and Clark) The United States of America was considered to be all of the land east of the Mississippi river. All the land west of the river was, as they thought, a remote and uncivilized part of the world. Sent by President Thomas Jefferson to find the fabled Northwest Passage, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led a very important, but dangerous expedition to explore this land and find a passage Read MoreThe Louisiana Of The United States1650 Words   |  7 PagesEven before holding national office Thomas Jefferson tried to organize several expeditions in the Louisiana territory. Meriwether Lewis was born August 18, 1774, in Charlottesville, Virginia, and was a boyhood neighbor of Thomas Jefferson. In 1794, Lewis joined the military and was commanded by Lieutenant William Clark. Lewis and Clark became good friends. In 1801 Jefferson, Lewis was asked by President Thomas Jefferson to act as his private secretary and he sent him the following letter, Your knowledgeRead MoreThe Great Rock Mountains By Thomas Jefferson1092 Words   |  5 PagesAt the time when Thomas Jefferson was president, the U. S. had bought new land in France. He had Meriwether Lewis to lead an expedition to the New Lands who turned to Wiliam Clark to be the Co-commanding captain which turned into the Lewis and Clark expedition. It was 1803. Thomas Jefferson was the president and he guided a piece of foreign diplomacy through the U.S. senate. After the Louisiana treaty was made, Jefferson took power of an exploration on a new purchased land beyond the â€Å"Great RockRead MoreLewis And Clark s Impact On The United States1480 Words   |  6 PagesLewis And Clark Expedition The exploration of Lewis and Clark into the Louisiana Purchase had a great impact on the United States. During the exploration, they encountered Native American tribes, who exchanged items with them, and new species of plants and animals. The expedition of Lewis and Clark began on May 21,1804. Meriwether Lewis was born on August 18, 1774 in Albemarle County, Virginia. Lewis met Clark in 1795 in the army. Lewis was asked to be Thomas Jefferson’s private secretary in 1801Read MoreThe Second President Of The United States1311 Words   |  6 Pagesdiffered from those in the East. President Jefferson s choice to lead an expedition was Meriwether Lewis, his former secretary and a fellow native of Albemarle County, Virginia. Having reached the rank of captain in the U.S. Army, Lewis possessed military discipline and experience that would prove invaluable. While in the Army, Lewis had served in a rifle company commanded by William Clark. It was Clark whom Lewis chose to assist him in leading this U.S. Army expedition, commonly known today as the

Sinking Cost Effect On Life - 1260 Words

1. Please EXPLAIN the concept of sunk cost effect and give a personal example from your experiences. The sunk cost effect is when you feel like you have to get your money’s worth no matter the circumstance or negative outcomes is. The decision is based on future costs and benefits alone. It is an investment that has already been made and cannot be recovered. Therefore, it is the hard money we made and paid for to risk the chances of enjoying it or not. I paid $350 to go on a family reunion in Norfolk, Virginia. When we got on the bus early that morning, and fell all sleep quickly as we began to ride. Our first stop at the convenient store turned into a disaster. We found out that the AC on the bus was not working, and was forced to stay†¦show more content†¦A great example would be books. We read website and blog’s and they advertise book’s stating that it gives detail’s about how to make fast money and even retire in your 30’s. Therefore, convincing us to buy the books just to purchase them and tells us thing’s we already know. When we go to the book store we notice a new book saying 100 ways to make a fortune within a month. Since we already paid for the other book, we are easily convinced that may this could be the right book that actually gives us real ways to become rich. So then we buy it and still feel like the information is not enough. We go back to the bookstore and look again. Since we already lost a lot of money in the other book’s we are hoping that eventually we will find that right book with authentic information to finally know how to make a fortune. 3. Watch a ‘news entertainment’ show on cable or via the internet for 30 minutes. Pay attention to the guest experts that appear. Classify/identify one of the guests as either a fox or a hedgehog, giving details from their interview that support your classification. There was a short clip of Trump supporter Vicki Sciolaro and CNN news anchor Brooke Baldwin speaking about Trump’s â€Å"locker room talk.† In the interview, news anchor Baldwin asked Sciolaro about how she felt about what Trump said in the video. Sciolaro felt as if it was offensive, but irrelevant since itShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Problem Of Oil Spill1393 Words   |  6 Pagesarouses in a marine environment or in the water bodies, has grown into an alarming scale with the increase in oil production and transportation. Causes are either accidental or due to operational failure. Henceforth, it is almost impossible for marine life not to be a victim of this vulnerable zone. Our planet has the largest oil reserves, occasionally it cracks and rarely causes a major accident. However, human interference causes a devastating damage to marine and ecosystem. Introduction Oil isRead MoreGlobal Warming and the Ocean1261 Words   |  5 Pagesgreenhouse effect. Ice Caps Are Melting The global warming had great impact on Artic ice. From 1979, more than 20% of Arctic ice has melted away due to increased surface air and ocean temperatures. Also, the accumulated area loss is approximately a third of continental US. Although, melting of sea ice does not directly contribute to sea level rise because this ice is already floating on the ocean, it contributes to sea level rise in another indirect way. First, the ice’s albedo effect has a majorRead MoreThe Conservation And Recycling Of Water1378 Words   |  6 Pagesto water their farms, clean livestock, and other uses needed for survival. Now although this method of getting water is possible the cost to be done is expensive, takes time to construct, and makes use of California underground aquifers that is the largest source of ground water. Also with the over pumping of water from the underground aquifers the land is sinking says Bettina Boxall in the article, â€Å"Overpumping(sic) of Central Valley groundwat er creating a crisis, experts say,† which Boxall reportsRead MoreThe Golden State Of Mind Is Dried And Cracked1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Golden State of Mind is Dried And Cracked It’s hard to imagine what life would be like without easily accessible and plentiful water. Humans use water in many different ways for a number of important reasons, so the current drought that’s taking place in California is a big deal. Last year, during an outdoor speech, California governor Jerry Brown made this statement: Today we are standing on dry grass where there should be five feet of snow. This historic drought demands unprecedented actionRead MoreCalifornia Drought And Its Effects On The Drought1653 Words   |  7 Pagessurface or may get worse. There are a few ideas underway to try and end the drought in California such as, desalination, wastewater recycling, ground water digging, and the main focus water conservation. All of the solutions to ending the drought will cost a good amount of money, so the fact of the matter is which idea would be most efficient and less costly. Desalination is one of the more popular options being considered to attempt to terminate the drought. Desalination is a process through which saltRead MoreTaking a Look at the Palm Jumeirah1081 Words   |  4 Pagesis located in a major earthquake zone and if an earthquake were to occur, it may lead to a process called liquefaction in which the sand will fill the gaps available and will eventually lead to the sinking of the island. Other concerns includes the impact of the construction process on the marine life in that area as the process of land reclamation will bury the coral reefs, oyster beds and sea grass. The eco system will be affected as these organisms play a vital role in providing food and shelterRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Rms Titanic Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pagesof the population. Because technology was limited due to the time period, events that struck most parts of the world were few and far between. Although, there was one historical tragedy that did impact the w orld during this period in history. The sinking of the RMS Titanic reached from culture to culture. The launching of the boat was something that millions from around the world came to see. On April 10th, 1912, the boat with the greatest reputation took off heading toward New York City (TitanicRead MoreThe Leaning Tower Of Pisa1668 Words   |  7 Pageshas a beautiful collection of both paintings and sculptures which are dated back to the 12th and 18th centuries. Some of the artists featured here include Guido Reni, Benozzo Gozzoli and Roso Fiorentino (National Museum of St. Matthew). All together costs would sum to $1401 for the plane ticket, $752 for the hotel, $400 for dining, and $58 for the tour and the skip the line ticket. $1US is the equivalent of .73â‚ ¬. Pisa was one of Italy’s first medieval cities along with Venice and Genoa (History ofRead More Illegal Immigration Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesshould be a post-mass immigration country has included most leaders of business, religion, labor, academia, and social work. Illegal immigration from Mexico must be stopped by means of different policies and other methods of prevention, because the effects on both Mexico and the United States are predominately unfavorable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are multiple policies and means of preventing illegal immigrants from entering the United States. Immigration laws are the back bone of illegal immigration preventionRead MoreEssay On Rainbow Warrior1566 Words   |  7 Pagesleading a group of vessels to Mururoa Atoll to protest against the French nuclear testing that was going to take place in the South Pacific. The Rainbow Warrior had been the flagship of an international environmental organisation, Greenpeace. The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior ended with the death of Fernando Pereira, who was a photographer who had drowned on the vessel caused by the explosions in the boat. The Rainbow Warrior was a vessel made by Greenpeace and Greenpeace is one of the most famous

Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behavior †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behavior. Answer: Introduction All thriving businesses in the entire world do have a bigger role that is common to them all; to strengthen their brand image. Several companies are facing brand war in the world. Consumers are influenced by the brand image when making their decisions on which product to buy. For instance, the electronics industry has a stiff competition since there are several manufacturers of similar products. The only different in the products is packaging, brand name ( the company producing) and sometimes the size. This is exactly what is happening in the phones industry. Apple brand is competing with other companies like Samsung and LG which have all adopted the Android platform. What should the manufacturers of the iPhone do to sale in the market? Having the knowledge that consumers buying decisions are affected by the brand image, it will be of great help to invest much in improving the image of the Apple Brand. Through creating the brand image, companies try to build different ways from which the consumer will perceive the product. The customers perception of the brand is referred to as Brand Image. The perception can either create a positive or negative image on the product. People will decide to buy a firm's product due to the reputation it has or avoid buying them. The brand can either demolish a companys sales or boost them. This has a direct effect on the organizations mission and vision statements. From different studies, consumers have the tendency of attributing certain products with certain characteristics thereby generating an image connection which will be associated with the product. This symbolic identification is what makes people buy goods or services from particular manufacturers. For instance, in the phones industry, some individuals will prefer to buy an iPhone just because they have attributed it to certain qualities like security, long lasting and the best quality. It is hard to change the minds of such individuals even if one comes with a product that might be of superior quality than the one they value. The question remaining is, how well do they trust your products? Brand image is all about trust with the potential clients. When companies make their sales, it is good to ensure that on their first approach to the market, it i mpresses the consumers. The consumer first impression is crucial; it is what will make the consumer to stick with the companys products for a long time. Problem statement Brand image is the process of making an impression of the products or services held by an individual company with the aim of drawing the attention of the consumers. The brand image can be generated by the techniques which the company will employ in making sure that the potential clients are well aware of their existence and the existence of their products. Brand image has several effects on the company and consumer decisions. The effects in the company come as a result of the consumer decisions. It is evident that firms produce because of the existence of a market. Without a ready market, why would an individual decide to engage in production? Some of the effects include an increase in the companys sales if the image is well maintained, a drop in the companys sales if poorly done, expansion of the organization, fall of the company among several others. Both big and small companies are affected by the brand image. More especially with current competition in the market where there are several similar manufacturers, companies sell because of their brands. When an individual goes into a shop to purchase a car for instance, what comes to his mind? Several questions will influence his buying decision. They include: Which brand has the best quality? Which brand sales at lower prices? For instance, most clients might opt to go for the Toyota brand they have had a tremendous buying experience over time. Nevertheless, Toyota specializes in differentiation, a process which pleases many because of the several products made available. How do the other car manufacturing companies like Ford react to this? In this scenario, the Ford Company should come up to identify what the major problem is. Once they realize that the consumers prefer Toyota because of the brand, they should also employ the necessary measures to create a good reputation of their brand to withstand the market competition. If action is not taken in time, Ford is likely to suffer an economic downturn. The marke ting strategies that a company employs have a lot to do with image. Marketing will either boost image or lower it if wrongly done with people who do not have adequate skills. Large companies, like for instance multinational corporations are likely to suffer huge losses if the consumers degrade their brand image (Liu, 2015). Take for example a company like Coca-Cola which is a soft drink company that supplies over two hundred (200) nations in the world, what will happen if in one of the occasions its brand image is degraded by some people who might be their competitor? What will happen if the returns inwards are not sufficient to sustain the companys activities? It is such painful to have a bad brand image. Creating, developing and maintaining a brand image is vital for the existence of a firm which aims to endure the prevailing market conditions, more especially with technology round. Research objectives/ questions The primary aim of this project is to find out how the brand image affects the consumers behavior in the buying decision-making process. Nevertheless, to discover the impacts of these decisions to the firms. In the course of finding this out, the research will also seek to answer the research questions below: How does the brand image affect the consumers decisions on the product to purchase? What are the effects suffered by the consumers as a result of the brand image? How do companies respond to the issue of brand image to attract more potential clients? What are the factors that contribute to the creation of a good brand image to an organization? These research questions will help in finding answers as to how the brand image influences the consumer buying behavior. The consumer buying behavior is crucial to understand since it is what determines what a company sells. Justification of the project The brand image is something that is a reality currently. Most companies are competing in selling products or providing services that are almost similar. Some of those goods are very close substitutes. This gives the consumers a wide range of products and services to choose from. The remaining question is, from whom will they buy this goods or services? Why? Brand image is a serious issue which should be put into consideration. From statistics, consumers in different parts of the world behave differently. For instance, in the US, you will find a given section of the population love using the Apple brand in their daily activities. This explains why you will find a given part of the community using the iPhone while another section using the Android phones. It is just a matter of brand image. In the process of conducting the research, feedback from various consumers will provide the specific things they put into consideration when deciding what brand to buy. Nevertheless, by getting fee dback from the companies experts, the research will provide answers as for how the companies are affected by the brand image they have. There are several benefits of conducting this research. They include the following: This research will help individuals who wish to start and manage businesses the significance of building a good brand image. Understanding how to manage the brand image is vital to the managers. It will help them to come up with the best strategies available to ensure that the brand makes the largest sales possible in the market. Managers can take advantage of this research to strengthen the image of their product. Strengthening image will help them to gain trust from the potential clients and consumers in the market. The results of this research can be used by different managers currently and in the future in the decision-making process. For instance, through this research, the human resource management will have a better understanding as to why hiring employees with skills in the marketing department is relevant. It is vital to remember that the decisions of the human resource management in any organization matter a lot. Hiring unskilled/less skilled employees or less competent employees will lead to underperformance in the organization. For new ventures into the market, the research will serve a great purpose. It will help them to know the significance of the producer-client relationship. Knowing that the market is competitive, they will formulate ways of improving their brand image to shine in the competition. Expected research outcome The research outcomes will be of great use to most companies which aim to increase their sales. Due to the prevailing market completion, most firms look for ways of making massive sales. One of the major ways being brand image reputation, there is very high possibility to have companies relying on the outcome of this research. Though the brand reputation varies from firm to firm, the final result of this research can be relied on by any company, be it small or big, multinational or local and so on. From the competitions in the market, there have been several strategies which companies try to adopt in order to strive. In the past decade, the use of technology in business was not as wide as it is currently (Safko, 2013). Most businesses have moved into using different media platforms to inform the customers of their existence. Some of the expected outcomes include: The influence the social media on the brand image. Most organizations use the social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter to carry on their advertising policies. This is proving to gain many audiences since most people are on the social media (Wynne, 2013). What organizations are doing in the human resource sector to improve the brand image. Workforce is of major importance to an organization. Every process relies on the initiative process on labor. The kind of employees a firm will have will determine the reputation of the firm. For firms with good brand image, the advertisers or people in charge of marketing are well-skilled to handle all the tasks allocated to them (Halligan et al, 2015) Another expected result is the downfall or development of organizations due to brand image. The brand image proves to be the determining factor for most operations in the company. Conceptual framework and research hypothesis The creation and maintenance of brand image are important for all organizations. From the past years, companies have been striving to find out ways of how to increase their sales. The brand image began long ago. During the industrial revolution, several companies came into existence thereby leading to an increase in competition in the market. It has been the trend even to the present. With the improvements in technology in the 21st century, several firms have emerged up. These firms deal with lines of products which are almost similar. How will they exist in the environment with the stiff competition? Regardless of these factors, firms like the Apple Company which was started in the year 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak still perform well despite their high-end products as compared to their competitors like the Android Company. The reason behind this from several types of research is the brand image. Apple products like the iPhone smartphone, Macintosh computers, and the iPads ha ve had a good user experience for the consumers (Solomon, 2017). Most people prefer them over others due to their durability, ability to process information faster and store data safely. Nevertheless, the company has provided clients with different products each year, like currently, the iPhone 7 is trending in the market. Despite the high prices, so many people have purchased the iPhone 7. Unlike other phone manufacturers, it is difficult to find counterfeits of the iPhone. This is probably one of the reasons why most people love the brand thereby promoting the companys brand image. Several crises have occurred as a result of brand image in the world. For instance, in the year 2012, the Dominos crisis affected the supply of Pizza by the company (Lukusa, 2014). In the event, two individuals posted on YouTube video clips which lead to the destruction of the companys brand image. This affected the way people started perceiving the company. As a result, the sales of Pizza and other products from the same company went down in the year 2012. It took the company a very long time to recover from this crisis. Reestablishing the brand image has proved to be the most difficult thing over time. Once you destroy the image of your company, you break the trust of the potential clients. It becomes a big challenge to win them back as compared to starting a new company (Wheeler, 2017). For the Dominos crisis of 2012, the CEO came up with a good strategy to recover, after three days the video had been posted, the CEO posted another video to apologize for the inconvenience provided to them by the two guys who were just trying to have fun on the premises not knowing what they were doing. The use of YouTube and Twitter helped to solve the Dominos Crisis. The brand image has strong relationship with strategic planning, resource allocation, marketing and other parts of the entire organization. Without the image of the brand, all other sectors of a firm will come to a standstill. The diagram below illustrates this relationship. Areas of the organization affected by the brand image.. Methodology In this research, the main objective is to find out the effect of brand image on the consumer behavior (Woodside, 2016). To get a better understanding of the issue, useful information, the best methods include conducting interviews with the customers who have had experience with a variety of products in the market. Interviewing Carrying out interviews with the managers of some companies will help to obtain reliable data which will help the audience to know much how the brand image affects the decisions (Vogt, 2010)., making process in the firm (Hirsch, 2013) For instance, when we go to the footwear industry, it is good to obtain individuals who have had to make decisions in coming up with different footwear collections in their stores. In this case, retailers can serve as the best subjects for our interviews. Retailers usually analyze the brand that sells a lot in their shops. We can use these statistics for the research (Glynn Woodside, 2017). Observation Another method we can employ in the research is observation (Dane, 2014). From observing the way clients make their purchases in different areas like for instance in the supermarket, we will be able to tell which brands are moving at a very first rate. After that, we will analyze different reasons as to why people will, for instance, prefer to use Nivea products rather than using what the Nivea competitors offer through interviews and discussions (Deege, et al, 2014). The interview and observation methods will be used simultaneously in the research. Discussions can be held later. These two methods are cheap since they do not require a lot of funds to be applied like other methods like surveys (Mullings, University of Sheffield University of Sheffield, 2014). Nevertheless, the data obtained is firsthand. Tabulation and graphical presentations To analyze the obtained data, methods such as tabulation and graphical presentations will work out best. It is easy to read graphs and tables thereby drawing out conclusions easily. Graphical presentations provide one an opportunity to compare and contrast different statistical data (Fisher, 2016). The height of the graphs can tell the extent to which a given set of data goes to. The interviewing and questionnaires will both be informative and normative. There is need to make the audience have a better understanding of the whole branding image issue. Literature Review The literature review will also serve best in our research. From analyzing the numerous information collected by several individuals, we will be able to tell the untold and under-told stories in the brand image concerns. This will be helpful to avoid repeating similar mistakes that the previous researchers did. Reducing errors in this research will be of significant by reading the various sources from our library. Nevertheless, literature review gives people an idea of what they will be looking for in the research. The method is cheap, provides wide access to information, and it is time-saving. One does not need to move around looking for information more especially with the introduction of e-learning. Organization of the study This research study will have five chapters and is to be organized as follows: In chapter one, the research proposal will be relevant. Chapter two will provide an in-depth analysis of the brand image and how it affects the consumer buying behavior (Lessig, 2016). In the third chapter, the research will cover the statistical methods employed. That will entail both data collection and data analysis methods. The data collection methods include the observation, interviewing, literature review and questionnaires. The data analysis will include tabulation and graphical presentations. The report analysis and findings will be on chapter four of the research. The significant findings will be summarized in chapter five. Which will be the last chapter of this research. Gantt chart The timeline needed for the whole project to be completed will be as follows. Name of task Start day End day Duration (Days) Proposal of the project 3/6/2017 10/6/2017 7 Literature review 12/6/2017 20/6/2017 8 Data collection 22/6/2017 30/62/2017 8 Data analysis 1/7/2017 12/7/2017 11 Final report submission 14/7/2017 28/7/2017 14 Project Budget and Budget Justification The budget for this proposed research is approximately $3000 for it to be completed by 28th July 2017 as indicated by the Gantt chart. This budget is to be distributed as follows: The literature review will take approximately $900 for the online and print media. Data collection will take approximately $15000 due to the transport costs, analysis materials, conducting interviews and printing the questionnaires for our respondents. Accessing the government statistics regarding the performance of various companies will cost us approximately $600. This information can be summarized as follows: Purpose Estimated amount to be spent in US dollars. Literature review 900 Data collection and analysis 1500 Accessing government reports 600 Total budget estimate 3000 References Dane, F. C. (2014). Research methods. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks-Cole Deege, R., Swanson, D., Canant, A., Mishal, R., Gould, P., Standard Deviants (Performing group), Cerebellum Corporation. (2014). Interviewing: Program 1. Haymarket, VA: Cerebellum Corp. Fisher, R. A. (2016). Statistical methods for research workers. New Delhi: Published by Cosmo Publications for Genesis Pub Glynn, M. S., Woodside, A. G. (2017). Business-to-business brand management: Theory, research and executive case study exercises. Bingley: JAI Press. Halligan, B., Shah, D., Synnestvedt, E., Recorded Books, Inc. (2015). Inbound marketing: Get found using google, social media, and blogs. Prince Frederick, Md: Recorded Books. Hirsch, A. S. (2013). Interviewing. New York: Wiley. In Singh, A., In Duhan, P. (2016). Managing public relations and brand image through social media. Kim, C. M. (2016). Social media campaigns: Strategies for public relations and marketing Lessig, V. P. (2016). Personal characteristics and consumer buying behavior: A multidimensional approach. Pullman: Washington State University, Bureau of Economic and Business Research Liu, A. H. (2015). Factors affecting international brand equity and brand image: Strategical, psychological, and cross-cultural aspects of branding. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Tech Center for International Business Education and Research, School of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology Lukusa, A. C. (2014). Challenges to corporate and brand image in multinational companies across different linguistic and socio-economic markets: A semiotic analysis Mullings, C., University of Sheffield., University of Sheffield. (2014). Observation. Sheffield, England: Centre for Research on User Studies, University of Sheffield Nation, J. R. (2017). Research methods. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Odden, L. (2012). Optimize: How to attract and engage more customers by integrating SEO, social media, and content marketing. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Persuit, J. M. (2013). Social Media and Integrated Marketing Communication: A Rhetorical Approach. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc Sta?dtler, R. (2013). Celebrity Scandals and their Impact on Brand Image: A Study among Young Consumers: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation. Mu?nchen: GRIN Verlag GmbH Safko, L. (2013). The fusion marketing bible: Fuse traditional media, social media, and digital media to maximize marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill. Solomon, M. R. (2017). Consumer behavior : buying, having, and being. Stareva, I. (2014). Social media and the rebirth of PR: The emergence of social media as achange driver for PR. Tan, S. L., Khairiah, S., Fakulti Pengurusan dan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia. (2011). Dimensions of brand image and product knowledge on purchase intention moderated by price discount on branded clothes. Vogt, W. P. (2010). Data collection. Los Angeles: SAGEWheeler, Alina. (2017). Designing Brand Identity: An Essential Guide for the Whole Branding Team. John Wiley Sons Inc Woodside, A. G., Megehee, C., Ogle, A. (2013). Advances in culture, tourism and hospitalityresearch: Volume 3. Bingley: Emerald. Woodside, A. G. (2016). Consumer and industrial buying behavior. New York, NY [u.a.: North-Holland Wynne, P. (2013). Pimp my site: The diy guide to seo, search marketing, social media and onlinepr. Chichester, UK: Capstone Pub

Why Is Poetry Important to Our Community Essay Example For Students

Why Is Poetry Important to Our Community Essay People usually write poetry for themselves, for someone in reticular, in the belief that we all share experiences in common, or to convince and inform others about something. Poetry is vital language, which relies on the writers feelings, history and perceptions, so every person has the background needed to write poems. Poetry describes our cultural Identity through meaning and the way It was written as well. Many poets write poems to express their feelings and their thoughts. Their ideas and thought about things are stated through the poems they write and the poem gives it more feeling to get the message across. We will write a custom essay on Why Is Poetry Important to Our Community specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Poems like the odder poem, Karen by Camille Woodward, had changed the way many people thought about cleaners. This poem is based on the poets feelings and thoughts when she realizes that there Is another part to a cleaner- another dimension. Camille Woodward wrote this poem to express the feelings of frustration to people who only perceived others as only having one role. Her uses of poetic techniques, such as writing in the cleaners perspective, in this poem led to the realization of the multiple dimensions of others to the world. Poetry was important in the past and was seed to put out opinions to the public, to make others see another view of a situation. This will Influence others and pass down the Ideas Into the present and future times. Some poems are written to Inform people about something. The poets might want to inform about something new that needs to be recognized, or something old that needs to be remembered. The ballad Charge of the Light Brigade (1854), by Alfred Tennyson, was composed to inform about the British Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava in 1854. It was to inform people about the brave 600 soldiers and their Attlee. Tennyson was trying to tell us to honor the charge they made, honor the Light Brigade, the noble SIX hundred and to celebrate their heroism. Their courage of charging to their own death was Inducing, Influencing our soldiers to never back down and continue to protect us. It is important to us as the poems like this could affect the life we are living in. They communities respond differently to the same poem, as they interpret the words and meanings differently. Religious people would change their view of the world. They informed about events in the past and introduced something new that would come In the future. Poetry Is a form or art and entertainment for the poet and the reader. The techniques used In a poem expresses a wide range of feeling that captures the readers heart and take them to another place. The ode Tiger (1795) by William Blake is full of questions, questioning its creation. The poem is interpreted, differently by each individual, to deal with issues of inspiration, poetry, mystical, knowledge, and God. This poem has no story to it, its Just entertaining the readers, making them think more about the creation of the Geiger, the creator, and the rest of Its creation with the ongoing questions presented entertain the community. Poems were not really made or invented; it was a part of the world from the beginning of language. The rhythmic techniques of poetry send through an idea in a cantabile way to amuse us while thinking of the idea given. Poetry had been important to us from the beginning of language by being a form of art that was used by many artists and it is still used now. However, the uses and purposes of poetry had been changed as time goes on. The use of poetry is more diverse now. Its used for persuasion, expressing thoughts and feelings, and putting out ideas and opinions. .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 , .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .postImageUrl , .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 , .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:hover , .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:visited , .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:active { border:0!important; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:active , .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6 .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u214f83c794a9dcd5e7ec7848f8078ac6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bright Star by John Keats Poem Analysis EssayPoetry like ballads, can tell a story from the past. It recounts the events, in the past, in the form of a poem and it is presented to us today. Our events will also be recorded and be read in the future. The ballad called The Charge of the Light Brigade is about the past event of the Crimean war, where the 600 brave British light cavalry soldiers led by Lord Cardigan. The time frame that poems cover is very diverse, including poems about cavemen and the start of life, to the imaginative tourist world. Our cultural and national identity can be informed through poems. The different ways we interpret a poem identifies us as different individuals. For example, religious people would see word like hell or heaven as actual places, but non-religious people would see it as a bad or good situation. Besides beliefs, the readers could interpret poems differently because of their cultural or national knowledge. What each person learnt contributes to how they interpret something. As time passes, we develop more things and we know more. This will enhance the poetic engage we use. The knowledge we use in writing poetry exhibits the changes and developments of our language. The importance of poetry to our communities, both past and present, is very similar. Poetry is used to express ones ideas, opinions, and thoughts to inform or persuade people. It was also used as a form of entertainment to the poet and the reader. It is a passage which has many meanings when seen from different views. Poetry is used to watch our language development, in writing and interpreting. It represents the development of individuals, and of the world. Why Is Poetry Important to Our Community Essay Example For Students Why Is Poetry Important to Our Community? Essay Why Is poetry Important to our community? Poetry Is defined as a work of literacy at which special Intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm. Poetry existed from a very long time ago and was used for many purposes to express the poets feelings, to record historical phenomenon and many more. Poetry was written and read by all kinds of people that werent necessary poets, but salesmen, lawyers, fames, doctors, scientists and many more. It was said that poetry was not only made or pleasure, but for something that is very important for an individuals existence that gives them their unique values. The communities today are affected significantly by poetry. The passion at which people are filled with enabled them to read and understand poems. Engineering, medicine, science, law and businesses were necessary to sustain life but poetry, beauty, love and romance was what people lived for. The poems educate people about things that only humans were able do. We will write a custom essay on Why Is Poetry Important to Our Community? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Today, people are exposed many different forms of poetry including the original poems, books and songs. Many songs that were released were based on poems. Poetry Is one of the few things in the world that is capable of moving a persons heart by using emotions and sending important messages. At times, the message in the poems can be easy to understand, or the opposite. Poems contain empathy and spiritual sustenance as it holds Important messages that help people understand themselves as well as the society. Many poets have successfully attempted to get important messages through to people. One of these poems would be A thing of Beauty by John Keats. The poem Is about love and shows that true beauty is deferent from hat people would think The poem states that A thing of beauty Is a Joy for ever: Its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness, meaning that the thing of beauty is something that is permanent and cannot be destroyed by time and space. The poem states that the thing of beauty is a ray of light that helps people go through hardships and problems (of noble natures, of the gloomy days Some shape of beauty moves away the pall from our dark spirits. ). The thing of beauty is revealed when the poem states Such the sun, the moon, trees old and young, sprouting a shady boon. Keats tells the reader that the thing of beauty Is the sun, moon and the trees and that people can find happiness In It, This poem shows that people should not look at an object that is only temporarily beautiful, but to look at the true beauty -the nature. Some poets wrote poetry that was a response of another story or poem. One of these poem is The lady of Shallot by Alfred Tennyson. The poem Is the extended metaphorical response of the story of Elaine and Sir Lancelot. Tennyson uses the first four stanzas of the poem to describe the pastoral settings of the poem. And by the moon the reaper weary, piling sheaves in uplands airy, Listening, whispers, Its the fairy Lady of shallot. From these stanza readers are able to know that the Lady of Shallot lives In an Island castle that Is located in the river that flows to a village called Camelot. However, the Lady of Shallot Is very little known to the locals in Camelot. In stanzas five to eight, Tennyson describes the curse that is upon Lady of Shallot and how she can only look at the reflections of Camelot She knows not what the curse may be, And so she weave steadily, And little other are hath she, The Lady of Shallot. The reflected images of Camelot is described as the shadows of the world, showing that the reflections are a poor substitute for seeing things directly. Stanza nine to twelve is used to describe Sir Lancelot, who was seen by Lady Shallot when he rode by. All in the blue unclouded weather, thick- jewels shone the saddle leather, the helmet and the helmet feather burned like one burning flame together, as he rode to Camelot. It is shown that the Lady of Shallot has fallen in love with him. Tennyson uses the last seven stanzas to describe the effects of the curse when the Lady of Shallot looks at Camelot directly. Out flew the web and floated wide- The mirror cracked from side to side; The curse is upon me, cried The Lady of Shallot. .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc , .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .postImageUrl , .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc , .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:hover , .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:visited , .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:active { border:0!important; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:active , .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34bdc305bd1941729bc0795f40e89bdc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cousin Kate and The Seduction EssaySeeing that the curse is upon her, the Lady of Shallot leaves her tower and writes her name on her boat. The boat floats down to Camelot, but the Lady of Shallot is dead before arriving at the palace. People gather to see her, and among those is Sir Lancelot who thinks she is lovely. Who is this? And what is here? And in the lighted palace near died the sound of royal cheer; And they crossed homeless for fear, all the knights of Camelot; But Lancelot mused a little space he said, She has a lovely face; God in his mercy lend her grace, The Lady of Shallot. Tennyson tells the reader that many people think that they are in a curse as they search for their love and that many people watch other peoples happiness through their pain. However, Tennyson also tells that the real curse begins from the moment when people find their real love. Some poems have historical content or are based on a historical phenomenon. An example of such is The Tiger by William Black. What mortal hand or eye could frame they fearful symmetry? The poem starts off with the speaker asking a tiger what kind of divine being could have created it. Each stanza contains more questions, at which all of them refines the first one. During the poem, the speaker starts to wonder how the creator continued his Job of making the tiger once the horrible heart began to beat. The Tiger has a strong semblance to the British industrialization. The poem was a sister poem to The Little Lamb as The Tiger was the contrast to it and showed both sides of God, meaning that William Black used different religious connotations. Unlike the original spelling of the tiger, Black instead uses the word tiger, which symbolizes of how the British revolution was like Tennyson successfully represents the tigers ferocity as to what people of Britain went through during the British industrialization. Poems are an extremely important part of the community, and is very crucial to every human being, as it is a way to show the emotions, to educate and most importantly, to move the hearts of people. Without poems, the communities today wouldnt have been as living as how it is, today.

Colgate In Argentina Essays - Oral Hygiene, American Brands

Colgate In Argentina Essays - Oral Hygiene, American Brands Colgate In Argentina Introduction Colgate was founded in the United States in 1806 and for the first 100 years, its business focus was only there. However, in the very early 1900's, the Company began a very aggressive expansion program that led to the establishment of Colgate operations throughout the world. Today, Colgate-Palmolive is a $9 billion company, marketing its products in over 200 countries and territories under such internationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Ajax, Fab, and Mennen as well as Hill's Science Diet and Hill's Prescription Diet. Colgate Total is considered the greatest evolution in toothpaste since the introduction of fluoride. This highly effective formula, containing fluoride and the antimicrobial ingredient, Triclosan, has been demonstrated clinically to help prevent gingivitis, plaque, cavities and tartar. And, its unique patented formula, containing the co-polymer, Gantrez, continues to be active between brushings. It continues to work fighting plaque, gingivitis, tartar and cavities after you stop brushing, even if you eat or drink. No other toothpaste manufactured in the US contains Triclosan or has been cleared to make claims for gingivitis and plaque reduction. Since the announcement of the FDA clearance of Colgate Total on July 14, 1997, retailers have expressed unprecedented enthusiasm and interest. Dr. Sigmund S. Socransky, Associate Professor of Oral Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Senior Member of the Staff and Head, Departments of Microbiology and Periodontology, Forsyth Dental Center, said, Colgate Total represents one of the most remarkable oral therapeutic achievements in the last 20 years. Colgate Total will benefit the oral health of all users. The most common non-contagious diseases are periodontal diseases such as gingivitis. In fact, 63% of Americans suffer from gingivitis. As the only toothpaste with this formula, Colgate Total will help Americans take greater care of their teeth and gums than ever before and will help younger people prevent these dental problems. Since Colgate Total was introduced internationally in 1992, over half a billion tubes have been purchased by millions of consumers in 103 countries. However, before permitting it to be marketed in the US, the FDA conducted an extensive review of data in Colgates clinical tests. These included five major studies that supported the safety and efficacy of the toothpaste. Independent dental associations in 30 countries, including the American, Canadian and British Dental Associations, have awarded seals of acceptance to Colgate Total. Colgate Total will begin shipping to food, drug and mass merchandisers nationwide on December 15, 1997, and will have a suggested retail price of $2.49, $2.99 and $3.49 for 4.2, 6.0 and 7.8 ounce tubes, respectively. Colgate-Palmolive is a leading global consumer products company tightly focused on Oral Care, Personal Care, Household Care, Fabric Care and Pet Nutrition. In the U.S., Colgate sells its quality products under such nationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, Ajax, Irish Spring, Softsoap, Murphy Oil Soap, Ultra Brite, Baby Magic and Fab, as well as Hill's Science Diet and Hill's Prescription Diet pet foods. Executive summary Successful international marketers possess the ability to identify with and adapt to different cultural environments. International marketing requires that one actively anticipate the effects both foreign and domestic uncontrollable environments exert over the marketing mix, and then adequately adjust the marketing mix to minimize potential negative effects. Often times an international marketers self-reference criterion impede his or her ability to accurately assess and properly respond to foreign operating environments. Rather than rely on their own self reliance criteria, international marketers must conduct far-reaching, comprehensive cultural and economic analyses of potential foreign markets in order to develop more effective and responsive marketing mixes that improve the success potential of their market-development strategies. Argentina certainly represents a viable market-development opportunity for Colgate Total toothpaste. U.S. companies intending to export to Argentina should consider economic, demographic, as well as cultural characteristics that differentiate it from other Latin American countries. Having the highest per capita gross domestic product and the second highest total gross domestic product and life expectancy in Latin America, as well as low rates of population increase and illiteracy rates, Argentina attracts many business opportunities. The population and economic activity are highly concentrated in the Greater Buenos Aires area. The population is largely of European descent and continues to have strong

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buy custom Critical and Creative Thinking essay Critical and creative thinking can be applied in many areas inclusive of the nursing field. In nursing, critical and creative thought can be used for clinical thinking, decision making and action nursing practices. The graduate nurses can apply critical and creative thinking to come up with nursing and other appropriate theories and models and an appropriate ethical framework. They can apply it for research-based knowledge; clinical judgment and decision making skills; creative problem solving practices; evaluation of nursing outcomes and deciding on the best practice; and performing a self-dialog on the professional practice. It is important for the clinicians to think critically and creatively for the best medical outcomes and for the satisfaction of their patients need. The use of critical and creative thinking is very important in the decision on the condition of the patients and the medication and the kind of follow up to be made. When engaging in such practices, the clinicians gain experience in working with different kinds of patients for the better future. The term free will means the motivation to make decisions that are not constrained by external circumstances or by actions such as fate and divine influences. Truth means the actual fact that can be proved. Knowledge is the condition of acquaintance with the facts truth or principles of someone or something gained through the study, investigation, or erudition, exerience or association with it. Opinion is a subjective subject or a personal view, attitude or appraisal that results from ones emotions or interpretation of facts. The four are used when forming thoughts. When responding to a lecturers question for instance, all these aspects will be included. Free will is the part that will allow one to respond freely within reasons, truth allows one to remain faithful to the topic in question, knowledge is the study, investigation and research performed that allows one to deliver facts on the subject matter and opinion guarantees that one will give his or her own views on the subject. The hindrances to critical thinking can be categorized into basic human limitations, hindrance due to use of language, psychological and sociological pitfalls and faulty or logic perceptions. Conformism, prejudice, ethnocentrism, assumptions, relativism or subjectivism, egocentrism, intimidation by authority, memory lapses, ignorance and coincidence are just but a few examples to mention. We will look at perception, egocentrism and intimidation by authority. Perception involves being unaware of ones own perception limitations that can lead to misconception. Egocentrism means defending your views for your own popularity and intimidation by the authority is acting to please the authority. Perception can be solved by referencing other sources for more knowledge. Egocentrism can be solved by understanding that we can also have limitations by our wishful thinkking. Lastly, intimidation by the authority can be solved by recognizing that any appeal to the authority is irrelevant to providin g logic grounds for critical thinking. I once experienced a hindrance when I was stressed up and was to make a decision on student leadership campaign strategy. The physical and emotional hindrance gave me the lowest rank in the pre-election poll. After resolving it through restraining from decision making while stressed up, I emerged the winner. Thinking on the roads and highway billboard message DONT drink and drive, could mean buying drinks and taking them while at home or in the lodging, drinking and hiring a cab or letting someone else to drink for you to drive. I actually thought that it was meant to promote the cab business in the market. The actual meaning of the message is that upon drinking alcohol abusively, there are many dangers imposed to one when driving. You can have an accident on your way home while driving or cause an accident. The results of these would be fatal injuries, distractions or even death. The difference between the actual meaning of the message and the first impression that it causes in the perception is sound. Unless one has a deeper insight into the subject matter of the message, the wrong message can be taken in hence resulting into the worse. The billboards therefore pose as reminders of the dangers in drinking oneself silly and driving. Buy custom Critical and Creative Thinking essay

What is the role of Seaport Terminals in Maritime Transportation Assignment

What is the role of Seaport Terminals in Maritime Transportation - Assignment Example Port terminals are where goods are brought, loaded and unloaded and distributed to wherever they have to be sent. Seaport terminals provide service to container vessels and other sea vessels like barges and feeder vessels used in commercial fishing. Seaports serve international and global firms and have a role to play in international trade as a big bulk of world trade is transported by ship (Frankel, 1987 cited in Stevens, 1999, p. 43). Globalization has affected many world developments such as regional integration of countries like the European Union, the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the establishment of the World Trade Organization, and the homogenization of the world economy, to name a few. All these provide expansion for global firms. They expand business, and they need seaport terminals because they demand movements of goods. Global firms have the whole world as its market field that they can offer a wide array of products and services. Firms keep growing and continue to build products that have to be transported and marketed anywhere and anytime. Seaborne transportation is the cheapest means of transportation for goods that have to be transported to many parts of the world. This keeps seaports busy all throughout the year. With these facts, it can be understood that seaports have a very important role in the supply chain of businesses worldwide. This can be to fulfil business-to-business or business-to-consumer transactions. With globalization at the helm of businesses today, seaports are connecting a worldwide traffic of goods of different kinds. Supply chain management excellence is crucial for customer satisfaction, at the same time customer satisfaction is critical to customer loyalty, with loyalty being critical for profitability (Reichheld 1996 cited in Flint et al., 2008, p. 258). Supply chain has to

How to become a lady to be admired and envied Essay

How to become a lady to be admired and envied - Essay Example None of the statements above includes level of college degree, level of career, financial wealth or marital status. This does not mean that they are not important. Certainly, they are to the same degree they are essential to an individual. Those accomplishments are as an outcome of goal setting and realization for those precise successes (Lowrey, 1). Being a woman is all about self-improvement and self-help. One should make a plan. Making a decision of the goal that one wants to accomplish in life and within a definite period is vital. Women should do something to be remembered when they are no more. For instance, you may want your children to recall the fact that that you were the cleanest or for the flower you grew. Again voicing your dream is an important goal regardless of where you are. Learn to tell the world who you want to be and what you want in life. When you tell others, it means committing. Ladies should always be aware of whom they are and what they want to become takes much approach. Look inside and find the things that you are proud of and this can be seen as self-aid or self-development. Before looking for her weakness, a woman needs to know what she does best. In addition, strength awareness builds character and confidence (Lowrey 3). In today’s society, it is very important to have a role model to whom one can look upon for guidance. The role model should be a positive influencer, one that we can trust, relate to our situations and share information that can help us reach our goals and help us to solve a problem. This role model lays an important part in our lives and they assist us in making sound decisions. They help us more in mental and growth development. Woman/a female in public eyes catch the attention of very many people. They watch the way in which a woman conducts herself, the way she speak and how she treats others. Women should live by the saying that ‘to whom much is given, much is expected'. They should understand the importance of representing themselves and the family in responsible and responsible manner. Skylar Diggins’, one of the basketball players is one of the role models among women and she tries to help young girls by volunteering. She hosts number of free clinics, coac hes many girls and speaks to them. She believes that this could help young girls realize their potential and set a higher bar for themselves (Diggings, 1). Most people in life have a role model who guides them. Reasons for these role models vary from one reason to another but the ideal they represent and the admiration they inspire is what makes them attractive. A role model should have the ability to give spiritual and moral values to an individual and stimulate a person to reach beyond one self. Today, the role models exposed to women are fashion related, interpersonal relationships, dating, marital as well as professional on careers. From Catholics’ point of view, blessed Virgin Mary remains the role model for all women at all times since they see her as an example of transcend and inclusive time and culture. Mary is seen as the perfect human being; in her, women of all walks of life can see what it means to be a woman in relationship with Christ. Women can learn fulfi llment of existence of feminine by not aspiring to become a copy of masculine since such thoughts always distort the mission and vision of a female (Sommers, 1). Successful Women and What They Do There are women who have really worked hard and they are

Hardest Victory Essay Example for Free

Hardest Victory Essay It is well known that man’s every desire comes forth, not from the mind, but from the core of his heart. It is this very heart that compels him to seek and fulfill those desires; be it moral or immoral in nature. From day one, man has sought to accomplish every single want that finds its way into his heart and he seldom offers any resistance against these. He may be all powerful and mighty when it comes to his daily hurdles but his weakness is evident in the fact that he cannot control and conquer the spirit in him that unceasingly demands more and more; the spirit against which, obtaining victory is nearly impossible. This is exactly the message Aristotle, through philosophical knowledge, has made an attempt to convey, to not only you or me but to all of us; a message stating, that the hardest victory is victory over the self. Indeed, Aristotle was right when he spoke about victory over one’s self being the hardest to obtain. Very often, it so happens, that despite the attempts made, one is unable to understand himself. He is left with no clue about who he is, where he is and most importantly, what he wants in life. This has resulted in him being uncertain and doubtful about his basic needs and so called luxuries. He is blinded by passions that may or may not be in his capability to achieve. But he is unaware that in his attempts to achieve these passions at any cost, he is loosing a battle against his greedy spirit; what he doesn’t know is that he has given himself to materialistic elements – elements that will only pull him down, making it harder for him to ‘breathe’ and live with ease – it will only make it more difficult for him to conquer that spirit, that big hurdle, that comes in his way to being truly victorious; a sight which is not all that common in the generation of today; because this present generation is a goal oriented and career driven kind that has given rise to numerous problems and various dilemmas due to its striving nature. At this point of time, it would only be right to say, that in order to be a true winner, man has got to learn that there is only one war to be fought; it is this war that determines the result of his success. This war is not symbolically a political or religious one, but signifies one that is personal and within one’s self. One must realize that in order to achieve success, it is necessary to surmount and do away with the desires of his mortal heart. Only then is he capable of acquiring the victory that was, is and will forever be the dream of scores of people who have come and are to come into this world. To conclude and leave you pondering, it would be best to impart to you a statement I happen to recall, a statement made by Chinese philosopher Lao-Tzu; a statement that goes like this He who controls others may be powerful, but he who has mastered himself is mightier still.

speech from FDR in our perspective :: essays research papers

F.D.R. Speech Announcer: We interrupt you regular broadcasting, for an urgent word from your president. F.D.R.: Good evening fellow Americans. I speak to you tonight about an urgent issue. I have recently met with my council and advisors on the events in Europe. Japan, Germany and Italy have become axis powers, in the fight to defeat our ally, Great Britain. Together the axis powers have over-thrown much of Western Europe. We have passed the "cash-and-carry" on order to help Great Britain, by supplying when with weapon and such needed for their win. Recently, Britain has run out of cash to pay for our supplies. I have been informed that it may not be possibly for America to remain neutral in this war. In case of the axis powers defeating Great Britain; it is possibly that they may not stop there. There is a chance that Germany, Japan and Italy will extend their fight to the western hemisphere, capturing the US into their power and over-throwing democracy. We, the American people can not sit back and watch these three nations over-power this continent or the continent of Europe. We must fight for our people. We must fight for democracy. These axis powers are three powerful armies combined, and it is our belief that Great Britain can not defeat them single-handedly. We have tried to remain neutral and only supply Britain with supplies, as long as they pay cash and carry it home on their own ships. Now, this is not longer possible. German U-boats are constantly attacking Britain's supply ships, preventing supplies from getting there. Also, Britain no longer has the money to pay for these supplies. In entering this war, we could help Great Britain defeat these three powerful nations, and prevent the Untied States from future threat. In current meetings with advisors a plan has been made to ease the US into this war. Over a year ago, a selective training and service act was signed, established a peacetime draft, in preparation for this time. Germany has conquered many countries in Western Europe, including: Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland and France. Soon after Italy joined Germany in the fight to take over Europe, Romania, Greece and Yugoslavia fell into the hands of Hitler and Missolini. In January of this year, the Lend-Lease Act was passed. This allows the United States the right to sell or lend war materials to countries fighting Germany, Japan and Italy.

Multicultural competency Essay

Multicultural competency is indeed an essential tool required in dealing with clients who have different races, perceptions and cultures. Having this skill will be of a great advantage in the progress of counselling sessions. Moreover, according to Pedersen, multiculturalism is â€Å"a wide range of multiple groups without grading, comparing, or ranking them as better or worse than one another and without denying the very distinct and complementary or even contradictory perspectives that each group brings with it† (1991, p. 4). To effectively handle multiculturalism situations in counselling, counselors must develop different levels of awareness which are the following: â€Å"self-awareness, awareness of one’s own culture, awareness of racism, sexism and poverty, awareness of individual differences, awareness of other cultures and awareness of diversity. † More so, to be successful in obtaining multicultural competency, counselors must also be aware of different theories and specific counselling practices. But the most important point to remember is that counselors must first build on a â€Å"sense of worth† for their respective cultural backgrounds before they can start understanding other cultures (Locke, 1986, pp. 119-137). Response to Post No. 2 Jennifer Weeks Among the three weaknesses mentioned by the counselor, I think that the problem on terminating an interview with a client is the counselor’s main problem. In any session, I think time is of the essence. Clients pay the counselors per hour so they should get their money’s worth for very second that they spend with their counselors. In line with this, counselors should develop a systematic way of establishing client-counselor relationship and at the same time effectively and quickly resolving the issues of the clients in order to maximize the time allotted for the sesssion. Also, counselors should learn how to end the interview without being rude or impolite. This can be done by setting up a timeline for the session and preparing fillers which will be used to divert the flow of the conversation if it gets beyond the timeline or the focus for that specific session. References Locke, D. C. (1990). A not so provincial view of multicultural counseling. Counselor Education and Supervision, 30, 18-25. Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Introduction to the special issue on multiculturalism as a fourth force in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 4.

Trade vs. Protectionism

Arjan Chhatwal Poli 305/4 ID: 6178332 International Political Economy Prof. E. Bloodgood Trade vs. Protectionism Trade between countries has been going on for centuries. Movement of goods and services began as a mean for nations to obtain what they couldn’t produce themselves.With the introduction of Ricardo’s â€Å"comparative advantage† – which illustrated how all countries that participate in trade benefit from it-, trade began to focus on what a country is better at producing a product or a service and which country can produce it at a lower cost. Nowadays, developed countries and international organization promote free trade, open borders, and liberalization of the market intensively. However, many of those core countries also practice protectionism in order to shield their industry from foreign competition.This poses a great problem to developing countries which are forced by core countries to practice free trade but would actually benefit from prote ctionist measures. In order to represent this situation, I will analyze the economic situation of two countries with very different economies: Pakistan, representing the developing countries and the United States, which represent the developed countries. I will compare their economic situation and policies under the Bush administration and Musharaf’s government.In this essay, I will demonstrate that our international economic system is very hypocritical in the sense that the countries that would benefit from and help other countries by practicing free trade are practicing protectionism, and those who would benefit from protectionism are forced to implement free trade policies. First, I will observe and describe those two main economic policies: protectionism and free trade.Then I will concentrate on the economic situation in Pakistan and the United States in order to illustrate what use countries are making of free trade and protectionism and, on the other hand, what face the y are showing to the world. Free Trade: A Market Model of Deregulation Free trade is a market model which promotes trade liberalization by the reduction of trade barriers. This model was promoted by the economist David Ricardo in the late 18th century and beginning of the 19th century. He coined the â€Å"comparative advantage† theory. Comparative advantage† is a theory that promotes free trade by demonstrating how trade between countries benefits all parties because of the different opportunity costs. Every country can produce a good at a cheaper price than another country and has to focus on producing and exporting that particular good. If all countries do so and specialize in the production of the good that is cheaper to produce in their country, they can trade those products with each other at lower costs than if they produced all of the goods themselves.Practicing free trade means the abandonment of government restrictions in the flow of goods, workers and services across borders. Those restrictions include taxes, quotas, tariffs, and subsidies. This economic model is based on deregulation and on the elimination of binding rules on corporations. Free trade also prohibits government to give financial advantages to businesses through tax cuts in order to make them more competitive against foreign industries. This results in the elimination of monopolies and oligopolies in countries by allowing full competition.However, negative outcomes of economic deregulation includes less respect and commitment to health, labor, and environmental laws and can help multinationals outcompete smaller local industries. Another important aspect of the free trading model is the principle of Most Favored Nation which basically requires all members of trading agreements to treat other members equally. Nowadays, the biggest promoter of Free Trade is the World Trade Organization, which claims that removing trade barriers would lead to the end of poverty around the wor ld.The WTO argues that in opposition to free trade, protectionism doesn’t help promoting economic expansion. Free trade policies, it is argued by the WTO and major developed countries, promote growth. The free trade model is used by the WTO to rescue developing countries and help them develop economically more efficiently. This means that in order to receive money from the WTO, developing countries are required to follow â€Å"adjustment policies†, also know as â€Å"structural adjustments†. Those policies all push towards economic liberalization.They include cutting back on social spending, devaluation of the currency, trade liberalization, removing price control and subsidies and privatization, better governance and elimination of corruption. The WTO argues that the benefits that the countries will get from free trade outweigh those costs, which include poverty and environmental costs just to name a few. The WTO actually admits that in the short-term, free tra de will lead to inequalities but in the end, the wealth accumulated by the big businesses will trickle down and most people will benefit from the free trade model.However, as J. W. Smith argues: â€Å"That current free trade is just as unequal as the mercantilist trade it replaced is easily demonstrated. The structural adjustments imposed upon weak nations as necessary for free trade are the opposite policies under which every successful nation developed. That they developed under the philosophies of Adam Smith is a myth designed to hide a continuation of plunder through unequal trades. †[1] The paradox here is that, more and more, the developed countries who promote free trade actually practice protectionism.The problem is that free trade can only lead to fair trade if every country practices it, especially core countries that have the means to practice free trade. Nowadays, however, developed countries promote free trade and force developing countries to practice it but the y themselves hypocritically practice protectionism. This penalizes poor countries who are not ready for the global market yet. It is also often noted that even if poor countries practice free trade, it won’t necessary lead to major successes.It obviously results in higher income but social inequalities remain in most cases. This can be called â€Å"Growth without social development†, and free trade is obviously not solving this tendency. Protectionism: A Regulatory Economic Policy Protectionism is an economic policy which restricts trade between countries by imposing economic barriers and policies. We usually tend to believe that protectionism is only a question of tariffs. However, government do have ccess to many other tools to protect their industries, including quotas, government regulations such as anti-dumping laws to protect domestic industries from competition of foreign enterprises, trade restrictions and exchange rate manipulation. Those policies make the pro duction of goods cheaper for the industry that is granted the money or the preferential treatment. Domestic industries can therefore sell their product outside of the country for cheaper. In that perspective, pprotectionism is an isolationist doctrine which, some argue, leads to unfair competition.The main goal of protectionism is to handicap foreign industry. This economic model is associated with neo-mercantilism, which main objective is to maintain a positive trade balance. Protectionism is often practiced by countries that seem to be free-traders, such as the United States and the UK, in order to protect their favorite or influential industries. â€Å"Rich countries’ protectionism† includes subsidies to local industries such as agriculture and textiles.Core countries have the funds to practice that kind of protectionism while developing countries that would actually benefit from protectionism are asked to deregulate their economy. â€Å"UNCTAD estimated that rolli ng back [rich country] protectionism in this area could create additional export earnings of up to $700 billion for developing countries, to be realizable over a 10-year period. This is less than 5 per cent of the combined GDP of industrial countries, but could absorb an important part of unemployed labour in the South and generate a vent for surplus†[2].It is often argued that developed countries are taking away from developing countries what helped them develop their own economy: protectionism policies. Protectionism is necessary to economic development in the sense that it helps build a strong foundation for a strong economy. Protectionism is essential for any developing countries to help their infant industries develop; become mature and competitive for the international market.It is hard for countries to enter market if they are forced to practice free trade; they may need help of protectionism policies in order to protect their infant new industries. The United Statesâ⠂¬â„¢ economy is a perfect example of what â€Å"rich countries’ protectionism† is. By examining its situation, it is easy to understand how developed countries show the face of a free trading nation but practice protectionism interiorly. The United States: The Face of a Free Trading Nation?The United States have always been a model of a Free Trade economy and have always promoted economic liberalization all around the world. When we observe the country’s practices and economic policies from the outside, it is clear that the USA is a firm believer in free trade. Indeed, the country is involved in many free trade agreements all around the world. Those include Free Trade agreements with Australia (2004), CAFTA-DR (2005), with numerous Latin American countries such as Chile (2004) and Columbia (2006), without forgetting NAFTA (1994).United States take great pride in its participation in international trade and promoting free trade between countries. Presently, inte rnational trade is primordial to the economy of the country and accounts for around a quarter of the USA’s GDP as it was mentioned by the Conference on a New Architecture for the U. S. National Accounts in 2004. Governmental economists all agree that Free trade agreements are necessary in order to promote rapid economic growth by increasing competition, cooperation between countries, and specialization.The United States follows Germany as the second most economically open country in the world. Inside a Free Trading Nation: A Hidden Protectionist Economy The United States takes good pride in proclaiming themselves as a non-discriminatory economy and a promoter of open global markets. While USA gives the image to the world of being a pure liberal economy, the country practices protectionism regularly, which shocks many trading partners and developing countries. This can be called the problem of the â€Å"Double Standard†.Rich countries promote the free trade ideology but in practice, they protect their own industry. This situation of double standard and of the USA promoting free trade but practicing protectionism was explained by the eleventh president of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick: â€Å"In order to promote free trade, the US has to manage the home front and the international front. And on the home front the only way that we can continue to get support from the American people for open markets and trade is to use our domestic and international laws to the fullest. †[3]For a society that calls itself a free-trading one, it is quite ironical and even hypocrite that, in 2002, Bush announced the imposition of new tariffs on several influential industries such as the steel industry and the agricultural sector. While developing countries, in order to please foreign investors and international economic agencies, keep on lowering their trade barriers, the USA has, over the last two years, increased its subsidies to farmers, raised tariffs on s teel imports, and still hasn’t agreed to sign the WTO agreement to the patent rights of its pharmaceutical companies.Since the election of George W. Bush, the economy of the United States has proven to be quite protectionist: â€Å"The steel tariff and the farm bill attracted the most attention, but they are part of a broader picture that includes the punitive (and almost completely unjustified) tariff on Canadian softwood lumber and the revocation of Caribbean trade privileges. When it comes to free trade, the Bush administration is all for it — unless there is some political cost, however small, to honoring its alleged principles†[4]Let us examine more in details the three most important policies of the last decade that can help us understand how the United States is giving an image of a free-trade economy but is actually practicing protectionism. The first and very striking example of this protectionism is the Bush administration deciding to protect its steel industry which has been facing very important economic problems because of the European Union competition. The second example would be the case of the automobile industry. The Japanese automobile industry has always been a strong competitor for the USA industry.This is why the United States imposed, from â€Å"In May 1981, with the American auto industry mired in recession, Japanese car makers agreed to limit exports of passenger cars to the United States. This â€Å"voluntary export restraint† (VER) program, initially supported by the Reagan administration, allowed only 1. 68 million Japanese cars into the U. S. each year. The cap was raised to 1. 85 million cars in 1984, and to 2. 30 million in 1985, before the program was terminated in 1994. †[5] The Farm Bill of 2002 also reflects very well the protectionist tendencies of the country.This Bill distributed more than $190 billion to USA farmers and agriculture businesses around the country, and this over the next 10 years. This Bill was passed in order to help the agricultural sector overcome the difficulties it faced due to international competition. Those subsidies will make it harder for foreign producers to compete against the agricultural industry: â€Å"Third World producers will find it harder to sell to the US market and, since the USA exports 25 per cent of its farm production, they will find it harder to sell in other international markets or to resist competition from US products in their home markets.The disposal of increased US surpluses as ‘food aid' is likely to compound the loss of livelihoods. †[6] While rich countries such as the United States can afford to practice protectionism, developing nations are forced to open their economy to free trade. Pakistan, the second country we will analyze in this essay is the perfect example of a country that would benefit from protectionism policies but is forced to liberalize their economy in order to receive funds from the W TO.The United States and Pakistan have been interacting on the international scene since the late 1950s, soon after Pakistan’s independence. This relationship has been successful but has also suffered from intermittent political conflicts, which reflects pretty well the complexity of the geopolitics of South East Asian region. After the events of September 11, Pakistan and the United States became even closer than before because the Bush administration relied on the help of Musharraf’s military dictatorship to eliminate terrorism in the region, mainly in Afghanistan which has a common border with Pakistan.The main difference between the United States during its early stage of development (1880s) and Pakistan’s development phase (late 1990s, 21st century) is that the United States weren’t dominated and repressed economically by major powers and international trade organization such as the IMF and the WTO, imposing economic liberalization and tariff limits on them. The United States weren’t subject to neo-colonialism like Pakistan is today. Protectionism in Pakistan: A Focus on the Textile Industry South Asia has long been seen as one of the most protectionist region in the world.As the World Bank states in the calculations of the GDP growth rates in the World Development Indicators, trade within the region accounts for less than 2% of the GDP which is minimal compared to 20% in East Asia. The region lacks diversity within the market and the products that are traded. In addition, most countries of the region, including Pakistan, still used up until recently import-substitution policies which limited trade possibilities within the region and outside the region. Trade was also hampered by political tensions, especially between India and Pakistan.Protectionism is Pakistan is mostly directed towards one of the most important industry in the country: the textile industry which accounts for more than 60% of the country’s expor ts. Pakistan under Musharraf saw the introduction of few protectionist policies concentrated towards this influential industry. In the policy speech of 2005-2006, the Minister of Commerce announced that all textile exporters that would â€Å"register their products with Pakistani Trade marks in foreign countries for export purposes will be provided subsidy equal to 50% of official fees of such registrations. [7]. Support to this important industry was instituted to help local businesses improve the quality of their product and compete against foreign industries in order to increase the Pakistanis textile industry’s market share. This protectionist policy was put in practice to reassure the industry, which was afraid after the quota restrictions were removed in 2005. It was also introduced to protect the industry from potential job losses and the loss of potential export if the textile industry wouldn’t reinvent itself.The 2005-2006 trade policy speech focused on allev iating costs for Pakistanis businesses in order to make the local industries more competitive on the international scene. Protectionism can also be practiced in the form of tax exemption for local industries. Musharaf’s government in the Federal Budget of 2005-2006 granted tax cuts to prominent industries in the country, including textile industry, sports goods, carpet industry, leather, and surgical instruments. In addition, the imports of necessary materials for these industries are also exempted from duties.Pakistan’s Economy: A Forced Free Trading nation Trade liberalization in Pakistan began in the late 1980s and developed even more during the 1990s under Musharraf’s military government. Today, Pakistan is part of various trade agreements, all leading to economic liberalization. Those include the Pakistan-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement, Pakistan-China Free Trade Agreement, Pakistan-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement, Pakistan-Malaysia Early Harvest Program, Paki stan-China Early Harvest Program and Pakistan-Iran agreement.When I briefly presented free trade, I mentioned the â€Å"growth without development† problem that developing countries face nowadays. This is a tendency to grow economically but without promoting social development. It is the result of free trade and is perfectly well illustrated by Pakistan’s situation. The more recent budget of Pakistan is mirrors this tendency, by showing commitment to neo-liberal policies, IMF led-policies. The budget focuses on pleasing the developed countries and on macro-economics rather than on developing the country itself. The budget focuses on the military which accounts for 20% and repaying the debt, 31%.Trade liberalization has been, since Musharraf’s entry in power, another priority within the budget. As the World Bank argues, liberalizing the Pakistanis economy would lead to an increase of 8$ billion if trade barriers were lifted. â€Å"Annual trade between India and Pakistan, the bulk of which is routed through Dubai, is currently estimated at US$1 billion, but could be as great as US$9 billion if barriers are lifted. †[8] In 1999, the Asian Development Bank granted a 300$ million loan to support the Government's Trade, Export Promotion and Industry (TEPI) Program.This program was approved by the ADB, the World Bank and the IMF because it was based on liberalization of trade in Pakistan. TEPI is based on the elimination of nontariff barriers and on the increased access for exporters to the Pakistani market. This program was basically created to end import substitution policies and promote exports by giving as many advantages to local industries as to foreign companies. This program focuses on the privatization of industries and meets all criteria stated by the World Bank concerning quotas, subsidies, and customs.This facilitates foreign investors and promotes economic growth, proven by the fact that â€Å"After more than three decades of near stagnation in per-capita incomes during 1950–80, South Asia showed signs of growth beginning in the 1980s that accelerated in the 1990s and beyond. †[9] Pakistan’s economy used to be based on import substitution and was very little diversified. Taking into consideration those obstacles to trade, the Pakistani ministry of Commerce instituted a program based on diversification of exports and market opening for an increased access to facilitate trade.Pakistani economy has continuously followed WTO required adjustment of liberalization in order to remove trade barriers and obstacles to import. Following the WTO rhetoric, the government argues in favor of opening the market because in order to increase its exports, the country has to encourage imports as well as stated in the trade policy speech of 2005-2006: â€Å"It must be realized that no country has been able to enhance its exports significantly without liberalizing its import regime. †[10] Following this path, exports did increase consistently as well as imports which reached $20. 23 billion at the end of last year according to that same Trade Policy Speech. The irony that we face after having analyzed the economic situation of both countries is that the now-developed countries benefited during their development from an active state that helped them build their industries and protect. As the 1995 OECD Report showed, developed countries achieved growth starting in the 1950s under very protectionist states. â€Å"The unprecedented growth in per capita income in several developed countries during the period 1950-1973, was also achieved under activist states.When they followed the ‘bad' policies of establishing full welfare states with stricter financial market regulations, corporatist wage bargaining institutions, investment co-ordination and in some cases nationalized industries, even the now developed countries saw an exponential increase in their own growth. †[11] However, countries that wish to develop nowadays are required not only to practice free trade but not to use protectionism policies. This is unfair in the sense that they have to develop in an environment that doesn’t promote or help their growth.Developing countries would benefit and even need higher tariffs and trade barriers in order to protect their industry from the more and more competitive and aggressive trading environment. This current tendency is referred to as â€Å"kicking away the ladder†. Core countries act the way they do to ensure their domination over developing nations and keep the poor countries in a vicious circle, as they remain dependant on export of primary and raw materials, not being able to move up the trade ladder. This harms developing countries that struggle in this free trade world economy.In addition, imposing free trade on developing nations actually illustrates the focus of the WTO on short-term benefits and forgetting about the import ance of long-term goals such as deepening the industrialization of the periphery countries. The imposed policies of the WTO prevent the developing countries of using protectionist policies to help their industries develop. Several experiences have already proven that the pressures to liberalize countries’ economy can do more harm than good to new economies.Nonetheless, the WTO continues to force developing countries to open their market and reduce their trade barriers. Liberalization and free trade, although they have great outcomes for developed countries, also lead to greater inequality between the core and the periphery. â€Å"According to one estimate, the Uruguay Round’s combined liberalization increased global economic welfare by $75 billion, of which almost $70 billion went to developed countries, $5 billion to Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs; Korea, Singapore and Taiwan), and none to developing countries taken together. [12]. Even with such numbers, devel oping countries are still forced to join the free trade movement and the WTO and developed countries continue to promote the benefits of free trading. Today, while the IMF and the WTO force developing countries around the world to practice free trade by reducing trade barriers, Pakistan included, the USA keeps on to implementing protectionist policies in order to save industries in danger or suffering from temporary discomfort.This leads to a greater gap between the productivity of developed and developing countries. The factor that is important to note here is that today’s developed countries once protected their industries behind protectionist policies, but are now promoting free trade in countries that are trying, just like they did, to succeed economically. The developed countries of today reached their economic prosperity through protectionism economic policies, and then started practicing free trade.This irony now rules international trade. It is clear that there is a p roblem concerning trade between countries in the sense that there is an inequality in the terms of trade imposed on developed countries and developing countries. Free trade can only lead to prosperity if all countries benefit from equal treatment. Even then however free trade can lead to economic prosperity but won’t necessarily lead to social development, which is what developing countries need the most.